In 1922, on one of the islands of the Indus River, archaeologists discovered the ruins of an ancient city. Traces of fires and severe destruction were found, but not a single grave was found, so the city was named Mohenjo Daro, which means "Hill of the Dead" in Sindhi. We still do not know what this city was actually called, what its inhabitants called themselves. Only one thing is known for sure - this is one of the greatest cities of antiquity. And one of the most mysterious, he died about 3,700 years ago under very unusual and still unsolved circumstances. Cities rarely fall into decay overnight, and in this city everything indicated that the catastrophe came overnight.
Mohenjo-Daro is considered one of the greatest archaeological sites in the world. In 1980 it was included in the UNESCO World Heritage List.
The main locations of the Indus Valley civilization
In 1984, Harappan Civilization, edited by Gregory L. Possel, was published in New York. The book collected about 40 articles by famous archaeologists from India, Pakistan, Europe and America. The collection contains a lot of new material; for example, it tells about the discovery in the Thar desert of more than 370 hitherto unknown Harappan settlements.
Scientists have put forward many hypotheses regarding the reasons for the "instant death" of Mohenjo-Daro: this is an unexpected and abrupt climate change in the Indus Valley, the terrifying effect of floods, an epidemic of an unknown disease that sharply reduced the population, etc. through mountain passes from the north and west (it was even reported that during the excavations traces of a battle were found). However, more recent studies have not confirmed any of these hypotheses.
Promotional video:
For 89 years, scientists have been puzzling over the great mystery of this city, which is more than 5000 years old. Scientists have not yet come to a consensus about the origin of this culture. To date, only about 10 percent of its territory has been opened and cleared. The excavated area of Mohenjo-Daro is 260 hectares, or more than 2.5 square kilometers. Its outskirts are buried today under the muddy deposits of the Indus. Excavations were carried out here until the 1960s. As the archaeologists descended lower and lower, saline water began to rise towards them. Salt deposits are visible all over the bricks. The salt began to eat away at what was left of the city. And then, by decision of UNESCO, the excavations were mothballed. The rise in the level of subsoil waters inhibits the study of the oldest layers in Mohenjo-Daro. It is obvious that in ancient times the city was much larger.
But the ancient brickwork of Mohenjo-Daro, which amazes archaeologists, was also uncovered during archaeological research and reliably keeps the secrets of its city. Researchers have not found a single cemetery in the vicinity of Mohenjo-Daro. But the city existed for at least one and a half millennia. In the ruins of buildings and structures, numerous corpses of people and animals were not found.
In one of the houses, the skeletons of thirteen men, women and one child were found. Their remains bore signs of sudden death. But they were not killed and robbed - some were wearing bracelets, rings, beads. Throughout the city, archaeologists came across similar groups of skeletons, which testified that before their death, people freely walked the streets and were taken by surprise.
All this partly resembled a picture of the sudden death of people in Pompeii. Only a few of the several thousand skeletons found in Mohenjo-Daro actually had traces of wounds.
During the excavations, no weapons were found, nor the remains of any military ammunition, nor even fragments of weapons or traces of devastation. The total number of skeletons was several thousand, which is very small for a large city. According to experts, about 50,000 people lived in Mohenjo-Daro during its heyday.
Why did the residents leave Mohenjo-Daro, where tens of thousands of people who lived here went? - These questions still remain unanswered.
Initially, Mohenjo-Daro was located on two islands on the Indus River. And as the excavations and computer reconstructions of the city show, it was very comfortable to live there. Perhaps even more comfortable than in some modern cities. Wide cobbled streets, multi-room 2- and 3-storey buildings, sewerage, plumbing and other amenities.
Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro civilization
The area of the proto-Indian civilization was more extensive than the regions of the civilizations of Mesopotamia and Egypt combined. It stretched 1,600 kilometers from south to north and 800 kilometers from east to west. From the beginning of the 20s of the XX century until today, about 2500 monuments of this ancient culture have been discovered, including its capital cities, seaports, border fortresses, etc. We cannot say whether it was a single civilization, or several city-states.
In the era of prosperity Mohenjo-Daro, fertile lands stretched around it, and deep rivers were transport channels. The population was engaged in agriculture and cultivated wheat, barley, sesame seeds, dates and cotton. Rich harvests and convenient communication routes allowed the residents of the city to exchange their products for raw materials, metals, precious stones and spices from Central Asia, Afghanistan, Persia and South India. Among the ruins of Mohenjo-Daro, many male and female terracotta figures and miniatures of various animals were found, as well as clay seals with pictographic inscriptions.
The cities of the Indus Valley were built of bricks - not the raw bricks used by the Sumerians, but fired bricks. This fact, as well as the remains of huge dams that protected cities from flooding, and a dense network of sewage ditches clearly indicated that five thousand years ago heavy rains in the Indus Valley were quite frequent, and so much that the abundance of water posed a threat to urban buildings. The Sumerians could build their cities from raw bricks, since rainfall was rare in southern Mesopotamia. The Indians, on the other hand, clearly had an excess of water - and this is all the more surprising given that today it is one of the driest places on the planet.
The Indian civilization keeps many unsolved mysteries. We do not know what it was actually called, who built it. Forgotten the names of its mysterious cities. The language of this civilization is also unknown, the hieroglyphs on the Indian seals still remain undeciphered …
To date, several hypotheses have been put forward to explain the reasons for the "collapse" of such a vast, powerful and developed civilization. Among them: climate change associated with the movement of tectonic plates, floods, earthquakes, the invasion of nomadic tribes. Civilization fell into decay pretty quickly. And the disaster in Mohenjo-Daro generally came suddenly.
The reasons for the death of Mohenjo-Daro
From the research carried out, one thing was clear: Mohenjo-Daro became a victim of some kind of environmental disaster, it happened suddenly and did not last long. However, its strength was such that it led to the sudden and irreversible death of the whole city. An interesting fact is that almost simultaneously with Mohejo-Daro, other large cities located nearby died.
According to some reports, a powerful explosion took place on the hill where the city was located, the ruins of buildings were melted, and the skeletons in the area of the explosion were radioactive. Allegedly, back in 1927, archaeologists found 27 or 44 completely preserved human skeletons with an increased level of radiation. The authorities got worried. You cannot give people proof that in the middle of the second millennium someone used powerful nuclear bombs. Some version was needed. To begin with, they launched a message in the disinformation media that the epicenter of an ancient earthquake was allegedly found one hundred and forty kilometers from Mohenjo-Daro, which caused the tragedy. However, no one believed that the earthquake was capable of melting the stones. Then a certain A. P. Nevsky spoke out, declaring that it was a comet. Like,upon entering the atmosphere, a discharge of static electricity with a force of millions of amperes occurred, and it was it that destroyed the city. However, no signs of flooding, volcanic eruptions or large meteorites were found in Mohenjo-Daro.
The first version. Mohenjo-daro and black lightning
An article by Professor M. Dmitriev “Black lightning over Mohenjo-Daro” was published in the magazine “Vokrug sveta” # 7, 1987. In it, the high temperature, which melted the stones in the "epicenter of the explosion", was explained by the explosion of a large number of ball lightning or physical and chemical formations (FHO) (black lightning), which are unstable and a significant temperature arises during their disintegration. These formations can exist for a very long time and emit poisonous gases. It is assumed that they “strangled” the inhabitants. Moreover, FHOs can explode like ordinary ball lightning. It is the aggression of a huge accumulation of “black lightning” that the supporters of such a hypothesis explain the fused stones and skeletons of people on the streets of Mohenjo-Daro …
But what caused black lightning to accumulate in Mohenjo-Daro? The ruins of the city are located in Pakistan, near the border with India. This is exactly at the junction of the Indian and Eurasian lithospheric plates. At this point, huge tectonic stresses arise in the earth's crust. It is believed that it was the collision of these two plates, lasting millions of years, that led to the emergence of the mountain-fold belt, now called the Himalayas. The pressure at the junction of the two plates could cause tremendous electrical stress in rocks containing quartz. For the same reason, tension arises in the piezo lighter. Only the scale is continental. At the same time, there is tremendous tension between the Earth's surface and the upper atmosphere. The upper layer is ionized by solar radiation and is electrically conductive. The surface of the Earth and the ionosphere become the plates of the planetary condenser. The layer of the atmosphere between them is an insulator. You can imagine what kind of lightning can happen if you close the surface with the ionosphere.
There was even a hypothesis that Nikola Tesla learned to induce an ionospheric breakdown and even boasted that he could burn an entire army or fleet with electricity at once.
Ancient Indian myths speak of some unbearable radiance. Perhaps it was the incredible ionospheric lightning.
If there really was an incredible lightning, then an equally incredible fulgurite should remain from it. It is a channel of fused soil that goes deep into the earth at the point of a lightning strike.
In this regard, one can recall the town of Sasovo in the Ryazan region. Thanks to the investigation of the geologist V. Larin, the cause of the strange explosion in that place (accompanied by piezoelectric phenomena) was found. Hydrogen rose from the depths, forming an explosive mixture that flared up with an effect similar to the operation of a vacuum bomb. Fortunately, this did not happen in the city itself, but a little further away. True, unlike Mohenjo-Daro, no reflow was observed here and the flash was too short-lived. There were also cases when deep hydrogen burned in one of the anomalous wells in Yakutia and around the burning well the sand was simply sintered into glass from the heat.
This version of black lightning is supported by researcher V. Kandyba. It recalls the many ancient reports of strong air glows and all kinds of unusual phenomena in China, Ethiopia, India, Egypt, Scotland.
Second version. Mohenjo-daro and the earthquake
This version was put forward by the American geologist D. Rakes, who studied the structure of the earth's layers in the Mohenjo-Daro region. He found that in one hundred and forty kilometers to the south of the city there was a source of the strongest earthquake, which changed the appearance of the Indus Valley. It probably started with him. Apparently, the earthquake reared the earth, the Indus was blocked, and its waters were turned back. Then the mud streams began to attack. The settlements near Mohenjo-Daro were buried under a multi-meter layer of silt and sand. The townspeople tried to protect themselves, they began to build dams, traces of which were found during excavations. But it became more and more difficult to deal with water and mud streams.
Scientists believe that the onset of the mud sea lasted for about a hundred years. As a result, the elements won, and the city died.
Some scientists believe that one of the factors provoking an earthquake may be changes in atmospheric pressure.
This version became especially popular after the strong earthquake that India and Pakistan experienced in October 2005.
Third version. Mohenjo-daro and floods
Some historians believe that the city fell victim to a series of powerful floods - the overflowing Indus often flooded the Mohenjo-Daro, and residents were forced to leave the city. As the images from space showed, the channels of the Indus River and a number of other local rivers changed their directions many times. The reason for this was the movements of the earth's crust. Moreover, the Indus flooded Mohenjo-Daro more than once. As a result, the sewage system was damaged, as a result of which, in a hot climate, terrible epidemics began, literally mowing people down. The survivors hurriedly left the city.
In support of this version, the researchers refer to archaeologists who have established seven or nine layers of silt between the levels of the mature Mohenjo-Daro culture. Thus, the city was successively destroyed and rebuilt at least seven times. Each time, new cities were built on top of the old ones.
Version four. Mohenjo-Daro and the weapons of the ancients
This version was stated in their book "Atomic Explosion in 2000 BC" (“Atomic Destructionin 2000 BC”, 1979) David Davenport and Ettore Vincenti. The English researcher of the culture and languages of Ancient India D. Davenport, an expert in Sanskrit, was born and lived for some time in India. He was obsessed with the idea of translating ancient Indian texts from Sanskrit into English and an objective interpretation of the philosophical meaning and historical facts set forth in these texts. He also lived for 12 years in Pakistan, studying the ruins of Mohenjo-Daro.
D. Davenport, together with the Italian researcher Vincenti, found that about 3,700 years ago, on the top of the hill around which Mohenjo-Daro was built, there was a powerful explosion similar to an atomic one (according to various estimates, the date of destruction varies from 1500 to 2000 BC). e.). They posted a diagram of the destruction of buildings in the book mentioned. If you look at it carefully, you can see a well-defined epicenter, inside which all buildings have been swept away. As we move from the center to the periphery, the destruction decreases, gradually coming to naught. It becomes clear why the outlying buildings are the best-preserved buildings in Mohenjo-Daro.
Upon close examination of the destroyed buildings, D. Davenport and E. Vincenti found that the diameter of the epicenter of the explosion was about 50 m. Everything was crystallized and melted at this place, all buildings were wiped off the face of the earth. At a distance of up to 60 m from the center of the explosion, bricks and stones are melted on one side, which indicates the direction of the explosion.
As you know, stones melt at a temperature of about 2000 ° C. Sand turned into glass was also found in these places. (Exactly the same layers of green glass were found in the Nevada desert (USA) after nuclear tests).
In the direction from the center to the periphery, the degree of destruction of buildings gradually decreases.
The researchers also found that the ancient city was destroyed by three powerful shock waves that spread a mile from the epicenter of the explosion. Scattered among the ruins in an area with a radius of over 400 meters are pieces of clay, ceramics and some minerals, which were quickly melted. All the people who were in the epicenter instantly evaporated, so the archaeologists did not find skeletons there.
Researchers sent the so-called black stones, which were scattered across the streets of the city, to the Institute of Mineralogy at the University of Rome and to the laboratory of the National Research Council (Italy). It turned out that black stones are nothing more than fragments of earthenware, sintered at a temperature of about 1400-1600 degrees, and then hardened.
Scientists find similar formations, tektites, arising under the influence of high temperatures in different regions of the Earth. In 1822, a translation from the French book by G. Propiac “Memories in the World, or Description of Rare Works of Nature and Art Existing on Earth” (Part 1) was published in Moscow in Russian. In it you can read a small, but very curious section "Glass Fortress in Heyland, Scotland."
Tektites - products of disasters
Very interesting and detailed about tektites is written by O. V. Mikhailov in the book Anthology of Half-Forgotten Secrets of Space, Earth, Sea, Technology, History: Facts, Versions, Hypotheses of the Unsolved (2005). Tektites have been found in various parts of the globe, and in some cases they were even real tektite fields. A feature of such fields is their concentric structure: there are more tektites in the center, and they are larger. There are also fields in the form of stripes (for example, the largest is the Australian-Asian).
According to O. V. Mikhailov, tektites have been found in Australia, Southeast Asia (Indonesia, Philippines, Malaysia, Thailand, Cambodia, Laos, Vietnam), Africa, Europe (Czech Republic), North America (Texas and Georgia) and Northwest Asia (Kazakhstan, Priaralye, Zhamanshin crater). Moreover, 90% of all tektites were concentrated in the region of the Philippine Islands, Australia and Indochina.
Many researchers believe that the distribution of tektites on Earth is random, but this is clearly not the case.
Among the many hypotheses about the origin of tektites, there are hypotheses linking their origin with the explosions of giant meteorites on Earth. However, not all areas where tektites have been found have meteorite craters, and this circumstance plays against this hypothesis.
Among the most exotic hypotheses, even an extraterrestrial version of the origin of tektites was indicated, according to which in the distant past a huge interstellar alien ship approached our Planet and … hovered over it. The tektites were supposedly formed from the melting of terrestrial rocks under the influence of the flame of its rocket engines.
In the 60s of the last century, artificial tektites were discovered in a number of regions of the former Soviet Union (where nuclear weapons were tested), which were strikingly similar to tektites found in different parts of our planet. In a nuclear explosion on the ground, a fireball of enormous temperature appears, and everything that is nearby (including soil, rocks) literally evaporates or melts to an amorphous state.
Modern researchers about Mohenjo-Daro
Surprisingly, Davenport's "unusual" hypothesis was "forgotten" already in the 80s of the last century. Despite the fact that it explains many of the riddles of Mohenjo-Daro, there was no further research in this direction.
At the end of the last century, Davenport's hypothesis was supported by Alan F. Alford in his book "Gods of the New Millennium" (1998)
Russian researcher Andrei Sklyarov also tried to analyze the Davenport hypothesis in his article "Inhabited Island Earth".
Here are some phrases from there: “Some sources mentioning the version of Davenport and Vincenti claim that the remains of people found (somewhere outside the epicenter) had radioactivity exceeding the norm by more than 50 times … Unfortunately, I could not find any confirmation these statements, nor any (albeit dubious) information about who exactly and when conducted the study of the remains for radioactivity. Unfortunately, it now seems almost impossible to verify the conclusions of Davenport and Vincenti about the explosive nature of the destruction in Mohenjo-Daro, since as a result of the careful "restoration" carried out in recent decades, the appearance of the city has changed significantly - brick debris have been dismantled, the walls have been rebuilt. So now you can see only another "Disneyland for tourists" here …
Fifth version. Mohenjo-Daro and alien weapons
In the ancient Indian chronicles "The Book of Zaen" there is a legend about unearthly creatures who flew to the peaceful natives on a metal ship. The book says that once, these creatures quarreled with the locals. They moved to a nearby city and were elected rulers there. It was then that the new leader released a large luminous spear on the city of his enemies, which destroyed all buildings and burned the inhabitants. And even those who entered the city later, eventually fell ill and died. And the new leader, having gathered all his soldiers, their children and wives, flew away in an unknown direction on a mysterious ship. Some researchers believe that Mohenjo-Daro is that burnt city, but there is no evidence of this.
“The Great Wars in the Sky” are described in the ancient Indian Puranas and by the ancient Greek author of “Wars of the Titans” Hesiod. The Bible describes the war in the Sky of the army of Michael against the "Dragon - Jupiter" and "Lucifer - Venus." E. P. Blavatsky, in her Secret Doctrine, also writes, referring to the Puranas, about the war of the two races, which provoked the Flood. And here is what E. Tseren wrote in the book "Biblical Hills" (Moscow, 1966, 1986) about the famous Tower of Babel - that is, the ziggurat of Etemenanka: burnt bricks, scorched the entire skeleton of the tower, which sintered from the heat into a dense mass, like molten glass. At one time, Mark Twain, who traveled in the Middle East in 1867, mentioned this: “(There were) eight tiers (towers),two of which stand to this day … a gigantic brickwork, scattered in the middle of the earthquakes, scorched and half melted by the lightning of an angry god."
A. A. Gorbovsky draws attention to such facts in his book "Mysteries of Ancient History". For example, on the walls of the Irish fortresses of Dundall and Ekoss, traces of a very high temperature have been preserved - even granite blocks have been melted, and the melting point of granite exceeds 1000 degrees Celsius!
Other traces of the possible use of unknown weapons were found in Asia Minor during excavations of the capital of the ancient Hittites, Hattusas, as well as in Central America.
One way or another, in many legends of the peoples of the world there are stories about how the gods fought in the heavens using some kind of aircraft equipped with weapons. There are especially many of them in ancient Indian texts.
What happened in Mohenjo-Daro? (analysis and criticism of existing hypotheses)
Mohenjo-Daro was located on a hill or even a ridge in the middle of the Indus floodplain, which allowed the city to stand above the surrounding plain. Thus, the streams of water did not reach the city even after the strongest flooding of the river. The claims of historians and archaeologists that the city was destroyed by floods many times and rebuilt in the same place are rather dubious. Seven cultural layers rather testifies to the long history of the city, numbering more than one millennium. At the same time, the silt between the cultural layers examined by archaeologists belongs to the type of silt formed in stagnant water conditions, and not a water flow.
According to some Indian researchers, the earliest layers of Mohenjo-Daro date back to 15,000 - 20,000 years ago. It would be difficult to understand the logic of ancient city planners who repeatedly rebuilt the city after floods in an ecologically dangerous area.
An earthquake that occurred 140 km from the city would have destroyed not only the city, but also its suburbs and areas located further away. However, the picture at Mohenjo-Daro is completely different. The epicenter of destruction is located in the cities, and towards the outskirts the force of destruction decreases. The force of the effect of high temperature, which melted the bricks, is traced in the same direction.
This temperature and similar damage can be caused by "black lightning". However, they appear suddenly, and residents do not have time to hide or leave the city. It looks like a tornado that often hits the Atlantic coast of America. Even after warning, the victims number in the hundreds or thousands. But then in Mohenjo-Daro there should have been not 2,000, but 20,000 people. And here everything says that the inhabitants of Mohenjo-Daro left the city in advance! And there should have been at least 30-40 thousand people!
Davenport's atomic hypothesis answers many questions related to the death of Mohenjo-Daro. Whoever used this weapon knew what he was doing. In the Mahabharata, there are many descriptions of military action with the use of the "weapons of the gods." We cannot say now whether it was a war of the gods or a war of people. According to ancient texts, the ancient Indians experienced more than one such war. Today, the most powerful and formidable weapon is considered to be atomic weapons, at least until the end of the twentieth century. However, when using it, radiation necessarily appears. The presence of this radioactivity in the ruins of Mohenjo-Daro is a very controversial issue. All information is at the level of rumors. One gets the impression that if the radioactivity was detected on the ruins of Mohenjo-Daro or on the skeletons, and, most likely, Soviet specialists were engaged in this, then this information was classified.
Perhaps now the issue of traces of radioactivity in Mohenjo-Daro is not as relevant as in 1979, when Davenport voiced his atomic hypothesis. He could compare the destruction of Mohenjo-Daro with the atomic explosions in Hiroshima and Nagasaki. Today we can compare the destruction of an ancient city with the use of a more modern weapon - a vacuum bomb. It uses gas, which spreads into the surrounding space, it is ignited, as a result of which all oxygen burns out, a dazzling radiance and very high temperature appear, a vacuum is created, the atmosphere "collapses" and a powerful shock wave occurs. And no radiation! It is possible that such a weapon was used to destroy Mohenjo - Daro.
"Atomic" explosion in ancient India
Has our planet really seen the aftermath of an atomic war? (both here, and) Ancient Indian texts answer this question. This becomes evident from the descriptions of the Mahabharata, Ramayana and Vhagavata Purana.
D. Davenport and E. Vincenti in their studies referred not only to the nature of destruction and analysis of the ruins of Mohenjo-Daro studied, but also to ancient Indian texts, which repeatedly describe the use of the "weapon of the gods". The texts say about the explosion of weapons, "sparkling like fire, but having no smoke", from which the sky over the city was covered with darkness, and good weather was replaced by hurricanes "bringing evil and death." Clouds and earth mixed together and in the chaos of madness even the sun and the moon began to walk in the sky in a different way. The elephants, scorched by the flames, rushed about in terror, the water boiled, the fish were charred, and the warriors threw themselves into the water in a vain attempt to wash away the "deadly dust" from their bodies. The authors of the stated atomic hypothesis admit that the opponents of Mohenjo-Daro were not only familiar with atomic explosives,but also had the technical means "vimanas" to deliver the bomb. As David Davenport said, "even more surprising are the places in the Mahabharata, where strange weapons are spoken of not in general terms, but in specific terms."
If nuclear weapons were used in Mohenjo-Daro, then radioactive traces of the explosion should have remained. But with this just everything is very confused. There are no references to research in this area in books or on the internet. There are only reports that in 1927 up to 44 skeletons with increased radioactivity were found in the ruins of Mohenjo-Daro. There are reports that the ruins of the ancient city are also radioactive. A. Gorbovsky, in his book “Mysteries of Ancient History” (1966, 1971), referring to the book “Problems of Space Biology”, wrote about the discovery in 1962 of at least one human skeleton in this area with a radioactivity level exceeding the norm is 50 times. On the English-language sites there are many links to A. Gorbovsky, moreover, there are reports that this skeleton was found by Soviet scientists. There have been reports of more radioactive skeletons found. Moreover, the radiocarbon method, also used by Soviet scientists, showed the date of 2400 BC. e. However, this method gives large errors under radiation conditions.
There are other reports on this as well. During the excavation of one of the ancient cities in Rajasthan, Indian scientists found radioactive ash 15 km west of Jodhpur. A heavy layer of ash covers the 4 sq. km. The radiation levels are so high that the government has closed the area. Scientists have recorded a high rate of birth defects and cancer in residential areas of this area. They also found destruction and heat traces among the ruins. Huge masses of walls were fused together, literally turned into glass! Scientists believe they have found evidence of an atomic explosion. Other cities in northern India have allegedly been found showing signs of large explosions.
D. Davenport's second hypothesis
According to Davenport, the destruction of the Danda kingdom described in the Ramayana coincides with the destruction of Mohenjo-Daro. As it is identified as Lanka, meaning “island” in Telugu on which it was built. According to the researcher, the proto-Indian civilization with its 2000 cities, occupying an area equal to Western Europe, 5000 years ago was two warring states. In the north - the empire of the Danavs, the capital in Harappa, in the south - in Sindh - the kingdom of Ravana, the capital in Mohenjo - Daro.
Based on the study of many ancient Indian texts, Davenport suggested that the destruction of Mohenjo-Daro was timed to coincide with the end of the war between the Aryans and the Mongols (perhaps he means the Mongoloid race or Dravidians). The Aryans ruled areas where aliens from outer space mined minerals. The aliens were interested in friendship with the Aryans. Since Mohenjo-Daro did not belong to the Aryans, the aliens agreed to help the Aryans destroy this city.
According to Davenport, in the texts he found a message that the residents of the city, and there were 30 of them, were given seven days to leave the city, because it will be destroyed. First, the sky lit up with an intolerable glow, then objects burning without smoke began to hover over the city, bringing death to the inhabitants, then a powerful explosion occurred, from which buildings collapsed, and people were covered with earth.
Other researchers attribute Mohenjo-Daro to one of the 7 cities of "Rishi" belonging to the Rama Empire, which existed in India 12,000-15,000 years ago.
Echoes of a past tragedy are found in ancient Chinese sources. However, the researchers still argue about what kind of weapon caused this explosion and who was its owner, putting forward a variety of versions.
Collection of "weapons of the gods"
According to experts, more than 90 types of weapons are mentioned in ancient Indian scriptures, for example: Agneyastra, Brahmastra, Chakram, Garudastra, Kaumodaki, Narayanastra, Pashupata, Shiva Dhanush, Sudarshana Chakra, Trishul, Vaishnavastra, Varunastra, Vayavastra - each character has his own type of weapon. Of all the types, Brahmastra is the most powerful weapon. According to the texts, to activate it, it was only necessary to touch the water for purification and, concentrating, say a special mantra. This weapon, as the texts say, could only be used by the gods.
The following words are mentioned in the "Mahabharata": "moha" - a weapon that leads to loss of consciousness; "Shatani" - a weapon that simultaneously kills hundreds of people; "Tvaschar" - a means that engenders chaos in the enemy's ranks; “Varsana” is a means of causing torrential rains. Guha garbha darpana is a directed energy weapon - a device that uses energy from the sun, wind, and ether and concentrates it through a special mirror. Rowdree Darpana is also a directional energy device that accumulates the sun's rays and releases a beam of heat that can melt any object it is aimed at.
In the book of the great sage Mahariji Bharadwaja, Vimanik Prakaranam (Treatise on Flying), a powerful sheaf of light is mentioned that could focus on any object and destroy it. 7 the book of Mahabharata Dronaparva (Drona Parva) talks about large fireballs that could destroy an entire city. Agneya was like a solar rocket, the heat of which burned the world like a fever. “Kapila's Glance”, which could burn 50,000 people to ashes in a matter of seconds. One of the books of the Mahabharata, Karna Parva, describes flying spears that could destroy entire “cities full of forts” “The Killing Arrow is like the club of death. It measures three cubits and six feet. Its power is like a thousand lightning bolts of Indra, and it destroys all living things around."
… The golden-oper's arrow is all substances and beginnings
Absorbed and radiated an inconceivable shine.
Shrouded in smoke, like the flame of the end of the universe, sparkled and instilled awe into living creatures.
And here is what "collection" of weapons Rostislav Furdui collected in his book "Lost Civilization and Wonderful Weapons". Some of its varieties are mentioned in Virataparva and Udyogaparva (the fourth and fifth books of the Mahabharata). Below are his descriptions from the comments to these books made by V. I. Kalyanov.
“Shuka” is a weapon that prevents elephants and horses from moving, as if they were trapped. Sometimes called “mohana” (“weapon of confusion”).
“Kakudika” is a weapon that plunges warriors fighting on chariots and elephants into an insensitive state, and also wears “Prasvapana” (“putting to sleep”).
“Naka” is a weapon that drives you crazy and deprives you of consciousness.
“Aksisantarjana” is hardly a material weapon, but is a mantra (spell). As soon as it is pronounced, just a glance thrown at the enemy soldiers is enough, as they all, trembling with fear, will emit feces and urine. It is also called srasana (fearful).
"Santana" is a whole class of "aindra" -type weapons (under the auspices of the god Indra), which helps to create an endless stream of weapons, although only one has been released.
"Nartana" - a weapon that makes the one hit by it dance around in a frantic manner; it also bears another name: "paishacha" ("devilish").
"Ghora" is a weapon that makes a terrible devastation or continuous extermination of enemy soldiers and is also called "Rakshasa" ("demonic").
"Asyamodaka" or "yamya" - like "aksisantarjana", strikes with the help of mantras. A person struck by it seeks death in the most terrible form.
“Agnea” is some kind of firearm that always causes a fire (flamethrower? - Author).
Thus, we have ample information to understand that the ancient Indians had both "tactical" and "strategic" weapons. There is a very interesting book on this topic by the Indian researcher VR Dikshitar "War in Ancient India, published in India back in 1949 (VRRamachandra Dikshitar" War in Ancient India ")
What weapons were used in Mohenjo-Daro?
Back in 1966, the Moscow writer A. A. Gorbovsky, in his book "Mysteries of Ancient History" (second edition - 1971), gave a description of the terrifying weapon "brahmashiras" ("Brahma's head") contained in the same "Mahabharata", and in Ramayana too. It is about something like a projectile or a rocket that "possessed the glow of fire devoid of smoke." This is what happened after the launch of such a weapon: “A thick fog suddenly covered the army. All sides of the horizon were plunged into darkness. Evil whirlwinds rose. The clouds roared into the sky … It seemed that even the sun was spinning. The world, seared by the heat of this weapon, seemed to be in a fever. The elephants, scorched by the flames of weapons, fled in terror. " It goes on to say that thousands of chariots, people, elephants were burned or simply incinerated on the spot. The behavior of the warriors is also surprising,survivors after using this weapon, they run to the nearest river in order to quickly wash their clothes, body and weapons. This alone gave them hope to stay alive. Does this remind you of anything?
In the early 70s, the continuation of research on this topic was carried out by the candidate of philosophical sciences V. V. Rubtsov from Kharkov. He also began by describing the action of the brahmashiras in the Mahabharata, but found another passage: “… Then Rama shot an arrow of irresistible force, terrifying, bringing death with him … She kindled this Rakshasa with a mighty flame; together with a harness of horses, a chariot entirely, he was engulfed in fire … And disintegrated into five main parts … his skeleton, meat and blood were no longer together, their weapons burned … so that the ashes were not visible …"
In the fifth book of the Mahabharata, Udyogaparva, I also managed to find something similar in the description of the battle of one of the heroes - Bhishma - with Rama: “Rama … who possessed anger and revenge, then used the highest weapon of Brahma. To repel it, I also used exactly the same highest weapon of Brahma. And it flashed brightly, as if showing what was happening at the end of the yuga (that is, at the “end of the world.” - Author) … Then the whole firmament seemed to be engulfed in fire, and all creatures were filled with grief … And then the earth began to tremble together with its mountains, forests and trees, and all the creatures scorched (by the heat of weapons) came to extreme despondency … The sky lit up … and ten countries of the world began to smoke. And the creatures soaring in the vastness of the heavens could not then stay in the air …"
But brahmashiras is not the only weapon that works in this way. There is also another, pashupati, which is almost the same. This is what happens when it is applied: “… the ground underfoot trembled, and together with the trees it swayed. The river shook, even the great seas were agitated, the mountains cracked, the winds rose. The fire dimmed, the radiant sun was eclipsed …”.
What kind of weapon is it, the action of which is too similar to the actions of a cruise missile with a nuclear warhead?
… white hot smoke that was a thousand times brighter than the sun rose in endless brilliance and burned the city to the ground. The water boiled … horses, and war chariots were burned by thousands … the bodies of the fallen were crippled by the terrible heat so that they no longer looked like people …
He threw, looking for victory over Karnoy, an arrow that was kindled by the sun and the moon. The arrow flew - and a formidable flame enveloped the whole earth - with forests, fields …
Gurka (Gurkha, deity), who flew in on a fast and powerful vimaana, sent a powerful single projectile against the three cities, charged with all the power of the universe. A sparkling column of smoke and fire burst out like ten thousand suns … The dead people were impossible to recognize, and the survivors did not live long: their hair, teeth and nails fell out.
The sun seemed to tremble in heaven. The earth trembled, scorched by the terrible heat of this weapon … The elephants burst into flames and ran in different directions in frenzy … All the animals, crushed to the ground, fell, and from all directions the flames rained continuously and desperately.
Well, one can only marvel at once again the ancient Indian texts, which have been carefully preserved for centuries and which have brought to us a lot of "modern" scientific knowledge. So modern that most of these texts were considered absurd by translators and historians when they translated and read them in the early twentieth century!
Our science today comprehends many of the concepts that are described in ancient texts. Scientists in many countries are currently studying Maharshi Bharadwaja's excellent translation of an ancient text on Aeronautics, published by the International Academy of Sanskrit Studies in Mysore, India. Some of the chapter titles are: The mystery of building planes that won't break, won't catch fire, and can't be destroyed; The secret of creating stationary aircraft; The secret of listening to conversations and other sounds in enemy planes; The secret of obtaining photographs of the interior of enemy aircraft, etc.
Environmental disaster and its consequences
From the ancient Indian texts, it is clear that the ancient Indians well understood the consequences of using the "weapons of the gods." Ancient Sanskrit literature describes not only weapons, their use, but also the consequences of their use. First of all, such weapons cause serious irreparable damage to the environment. Any area where such weapons are used immediately becomes infertile for many centuries, and all life in and around it ceases. It is also said that men and women become sterile. The whole earth becomes a desert, barren and lifeless.
The book Badha Parva describes the environmental consequences of the use of atomic bombs: "Suddenly there was a substance like fire, and even now the hills, rivers and trees covered with bubbles, as well as all kinds of plants and grasses, turn to ash."
The Ramayana warns: "The Arrow of Death is so powerful that it can destroy the entire Earth in one minute, and its terrifying sound, spreading among flame, smoke and steam … serves as a harbinger of universal death."
"Mahabharata" also mentions the "brahmadanda" ("spear (or dart) of Brahma") weapon, which could strike countries and peoples for decades. As noted by the English researcher W. R. Drake, a few decades ago this could be considered an absolute poetic exaggeration, but today science already knows about the existence of radiation mutations. In the tenth book of the Mahabharata "Sauptikaparve" there is almost specific mention of the genetic consequences of the effects of such weapons: where the "brahmashiras" weapons are stopped by another highest weapon, "for twelve years there is no rain." Moreover, it is impossible to avert such consequences, for this weapon, according to the Mahabharata, kills “embryos in women”.
In the comments to the "Mahabharata" Academician of the Academy of Sciences of the Turkmen SSR BM Smirnov said: "One cannot but be amazed at the highest moral sensitivity of the people, who already tens of centuries ago managed not only to pose the moral problem of the permissibility of using" absolute weapons ", but also to solve it."
The Mahabharata many times emphasizes the need for restrictions on the use of such weapons. So, for example, the hero of the epic Arjuna gets his hands on a "brahmashiras" with the order: "This extraordinary and completely irresistible weapon … should never be used by you against people, because, thrown into a weak one, it can burn the whole world … If any inhuman the enemy will attack you, oh hero, then to defeat him use this weapon in battle”.
Another strictest warning: “Let never a single person (think) to fight them; hitting the weak (in the hands), it can burn all this transitory world ….
Well, we can be convinced of this by seeing the horrific consequences of an environmental disaster that occurred almost 4000 years ago in the Indus Valley. The most curious carved seals, a huge number of which were found in Mohenjo-Daro and Harappa, tell us about what animals lived in the Indus Valley at that time. It can be assumed that the artists depicted those animals that were familiar to them - this is also confirmed by the realistic drawings. We see monkeys, hares, pigeons, tigers, bears, rhinos, parrots, deer, squirrels, etc. But now in this region of India and Pakistan lies the Thar desert, and there are no monkeys or parrots there! So this is further proof that during the heyday of Mohenjo-Daro and Harappa, the Indus Valley was covered with jungle! Whole cities were located in that part of the Indus Valley, where now there is nothing,except for sand.
The great Sumer and Babylonia were buried under the sand drifts. The ruins of ancient cities are hidden in the deserts of Egypt and Mongolia. Scientists find traces of settlements in the burned-out territories of America and Australia that are completely unsuitable for life. According to Chinese legends, highly developed states were once in the Gobi Desert. And ancient settlements are found in the Sahara.
In this regard, the question arises: why did the once flourishing cities turn into lifeless wastelands? Has the weather gone mad or has the climate changed? Let's admit. But why did the sand melt? It is such sand, which turned into a vitreous mass, that researchers found in the Chinese part of the Gobi Desert, and in the area of Lake Lop Nor, and in the Sahara, and in the deserts of the Middle East and New Mexico. The temperature required to turn sand into glass does not naturally occur on Earth.
There are stanzas in the Mahabharata which, despite their archaic language and pathos, modern fighters for a world without nuclear weapons could well use as their slogans: “You cruel and vile, intoxicated and blinded by power, with the help of your Iron Lightning you will bring destruction to your own people."
Conclusion
Despite the interdisciplinary capabilities, archaeologists work in Mohenjo-Daro using exclusively traditional methods. If we exclude versions with airplanes and nuclear explosions, etc., we will never see an objective integral picture of what happened in Mohenjo-Daro. Only joint efforts of archaeologists, geologists, physicists, chemists, metallurgists and others and their joint research could lead to concrete results. The path of knowledge is a trial and error path. Sooner or later, this path, perhaps with the help of new, no less “crazy” hypotheses, will lead to the truth.
And in conclusion, I would like to say the following.
Progress leading to death cannot be called progress. Achievements of technology and science are just a wheelchair in which humanity sits. Everything is more comfortable in it, but the more convenient it is, the less chance you will ever get out of it. Those human qualities that were given to us initially….”In the image and likeness”…