In his latest work, British physicist Stephen Hawking reinterpreted the Big Bang theory. The article of the scientist entered the Journal Of High Energy Physics ten days before his death and was published on May 3. The new work refutes the theory of the unlimited expansion of the Universe and proves that in each of the parallel worlds that arose after the Big Bang, the same laws of physics operate, and not different ones, as Hawking himself had previously argued. The researcher also hypothesized that our three-dimensional world is only a projection of information stored on a two-dimensional plane. About Hawking's revolutionary discoveries.
In search of parallel universes
Ten days before his death, on March 14, 2018, Stephen Hawking submitted a paper to the Journal Of High Energy Physics in which he rethought the Big Bang theory. In a new work, Hawking refutes the results of his own previous work, A Smooth Exit from Eternal Inflation, in which he summarized the findings from the theory of the multiverse.
Hawking changed his mind about the inflationary model, according to which, after the Big Bang, our universe began to expand infinitely. However, in the latter work, the physicist refutes himself. He came to the conclusion that the expansion process has stopped, the Universe has reached its maximum size and nothing exists beyond its borders.
“There is nothing behind them - no space, no time. Absolutely nothing,”said Thomas Ertog, co-author of Hawking's study.
According to the theory of the multiverse, the Big Bang was accompanied by many other similar explosions, each of which spawned a separate universe. In his work, Hawking came to the conclusion that similar laws of physics operate in all worlds, and not different ones, as he previously believed. Thus, according to the scientist, on the basis of information about the processes occurring in our Universe, it is possible to study other worlds.
According to Russian scientists, it is very difficult to say exactly which laws operate in parallel universes.
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“The theory of the multiverse has been in development for over 30 years. Parallel universes, according to the inflationary scenario, exist, but it is difficult to say which laws of physics they obey. Of course, parallel worlds can be studied as some kind of mathematical objects, this is interesting, but they have no practical relation to our Universe and they have no effect on terrestrial processes, said in an interview with RT an academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Chief Researcher of the Institute of Theoretical Physics named after L. D. Landau Alexey Starobinsky.
The universe is a hologram
Also in his latest work, Hawking came to the conclusion that our universe is a complex hologram. In other words, three-dimensional reality is an illusion, and the world visible around us, like the very nature of space and time, is projected from data stored on a flat two-dimensional surface.
“Based on the new hypothesis, we can conclude that our Universe is a hologram. This theory suggests that the Universe could have arisen according to the holographic principle, being a projection of a certain two-dimensional region that existed outside the Big Bang,”said Ertog.
However, according to Russian scientists, there is no reason to doubt the nature of space and time in our Universe.
“A hologram literally means an image of a three-dimensional object, projected from a two-dimensional plane. Indeed, there is a theory according to which you can find a two-dimensional surface on which all information about what is happening in the Universe will be recorded. However, all recent studies carried out by experts in the field of cosmology have refuted the theory of the holographic Universe,”Starobinsky noted.
According to the doctor of physical and mathematical sciences, an employee of the Physics Institute. P. N. Lebedev RAS, member of the RAS Commission on Combating Pseudoscience Rostislav Polishchuk, Hawking's conclusions about the holographic universe are the fruit of his fantasy.
“This is an interesting idea, but it is not supported by the facts. This concept has not been accepted by the scientific community. Hawking's holographic hypothesis is purely artistic and is unlikely to ever lead to precise scientific formulas. The fact is that, in addition to scientific abilities, Hawking had a very developed humanitarian. Therefore, in his case, such a theory is the result of imagination,”Polishchuk noted.
Anastasia Ksenofontova