Modern science has reached incredible heights. Surprisingly, every day we learn more and more about the world around us and about ourselves. More and more new facts about our past, present and future are revealed to us by genetics.
Curious genes
The dot at the end of a sentence about one thousand cell nuclei.
If all 46 chromosomes were stacked longitudinally, their total length would be almost two meters. If all chromosomes from all nuclei in the human body (in which 1014 cells) were laid longitudinally, then their length would be 180,000 million kilometers. For comparison, the distance from the Earth to the Sun is 150 million kilometers. It turns out that the length of human DNA is a thousand times greater.
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Only 2% of the human genome contains information regarding the formation of proteins. All others are noncoding genomes.
Heredity
The African Yoruba ethnic group has unusually high twin fertility rates, making them interesting participants in heredity research.
In the case of recessive autosomal hereditary diseases, the recessive gene located on the autosome (genderless chromosome) is passed on to the offspring. If a person has only one copy of this gene, he is its carrier, and may not even know about it, since in this case the disease does not develop.
Hemophilia is an X-linked recessive disease. Women have two X chromosomes. That is why only children who inherited two recessive genes show symptoms of the disease. Women with only one recessive gene are carriers of the disease. All men with one recessive gene develop hemophilia because they have only one X chromosome.
In addition to the DNA that exists in the nucleus of cells, humans also have mitochondrial DNA. It is inherited only from the mother and is used in studies related to female ancestry. In bees, mitochondrial DNA can also be inherited from the father.
There are genetic abnormalities that only appear in mitochondrial DNA, they also affect humans. Mitochondrial DNA is inherited exclusively from the mother, since during the fertilization of the egg, the mitochondria of the sperm do not enter. The ovum contains the mother's mitochondria, and therefore the baby inherits exclusively the mother's mitochondria. Due to this type of inheritance, the genetic abnormality will be expressed in all children in whom the mother is the carrier of the abnormality, but if the father is the carrier of the mitochondrial abnormality, then it is not transmitted to the children.
On average, one in 180 babies is born with a chromosomal abnormality. The most common genetic abnormality results in Down syndrome.
Different nations
Modern Maltese are genetically similar to Lebanese, which supports the theory that most of the Maltese are descendants of the ancient Phoenicians.
The Italian regions of Tuscany and Umbria are special. The people there are genetically different from other Italian regions due to their Etruscan genetic heritage.
According to one linguistic theory, the Basques are originally from Russia, since their haplotype matches the haplotype found in residents of some regions of Russia.
Two random people, regardless of gender and race, share 99.9% of the same genetic material and differ from each other by only 0.1%.
There is genetic evidence that the San (Bushmen) are one of the oldest peoples in the world. They may be the most ancient people and are considered "genetic parents."
People and other species
Humans share 7% of their genetic material with E. coli bacteria, 21% with worms, 90% with mice, and 98% with chimpanzees.
There is more genetic and hereditary variation in any group of 50 African monkeys than in the entire human race. This means that the entire human race is the descendant of one small group of people.
Hope Chikanchi