Who the liar could be can be judged by the following facts:
1. It remains a mystery what language was native to the impostor. He did not speak German, English, Italian, or other common European languages, although he knew individual words and phrases, but the liar knew Latin well. Tsar Peter did not know Latin, he did not need it at all. The sea and the Baltic were like relatives for the liar. This suggests that perhaps he was from some Baltic or Western European country. In addition, any person is necessarily drawn to the place where he was born. Perhaps that is why the birthplace of the liar must be looked for in the countries where he visited on his subsequent visits abroad.
2. There is interesting evidence of the stay of the liar during the Second Embassy and his stay in Holland in December 1716 - April 1717. (Emmanuel Wagemans. Tsar in the Republic. The second journey of Peter the Great to the Netherlands. (1716-1717). Translated from the Dutch by VK Ronin - St. Petersburg - Publishing House "European House" - 2013 - 256 pages, ill.). And this is what is written in this book:
On December 17, 1716, the ruler of Russia entered Amsterdam "privately" at about four o'clock. without an official meeting, and settled in the house of Christoffel Brunts.
3. Opinions differ as to how much the tsar was in general fluent in Dutch. In any case, the Dutch traveler Cornelis de Bruin, or rather de Bruyne, who met him in Russia, recalled: “All this the Emperor expressed in Dutch and wished that I would continue to speak with him in this language, because he assured me that it was very good understands me. To which he gave full confirmation when he recounted my words to the Russian gentlemen from his retinue with such precision that the resident and other Dutch gentlemen present there could not be surprised at this.
4. Jan Cornelisson Nomen told in his notes about the meeting of Peter at the shipyard of the East India Company with the wife of the master Peter Paul, whom the tsar knew from the time he himself studied in Amsterdam to build ships: “Just like 19 years ago, he and this time he examined the shops and shipyards owned by the state and the East India Company. When he arrived at the shipyard, the wife of the senior master Paul saw him; she ran to meet him and said: “welcome, Master Peter!”. To this he replied: "How do you know me?" She objected: “Mayer [sir], 19 years ago you were often in our house and dined at our table; for I am the wife of Master Paul”. Then he hugged and kissed her very kindly. Then the junior master of this shipyard came and also exclaimed: "Welcome, Master Peter!" He asked again: "How do you know me?" and he answered:"19 years ago you and I, together with others, built ships here." Then he hugged and kissed him heartily. Question: Has he ever seen them before? And they were obliged to find out?
5. There is in this book another interesting evidence of the stay of the false Peter in Amsterdam. He liked to walk around the city alone without a retinue and accompanying people, while he was well-versed in its many and intricate streets and preferred to go to a variety of shops.
6. There is interesting evidence of the "shyness" of the liar, who, generally speaking, was not distinguished by even the slightest signs of modesty. During the Second Great Embassy (although some sources attribute this to the time of the Great Embassy in 1697) in The Hague, during a reception in his honor, he had to walk past the city deputies, and he demanded that they turn away and not look at him. They did not understand, and then he pulled off the wig from his escort, dressed it with a pigtail in front and walked past them. The same thing happened later in Dresden, where he, during his meeting, getting out of the carriage, repeated the same action - he pulled off someone else's wig, put it on the other way around and walked past the greeters. Who was he hiding from and who could recognize him there?
Promotional video:
7. In the City History Museum of Amsterdam, right at the entrance, according to the testimony of my friends who visited this museum in early 2000, there was a bust of the "Honorary Citizen" - an exact copy of the false Peter. The inscription under it sounded something like this: "This is a tribute to the father, who sacrificed his son to fulfill the conspiracy of European kings." In 2016 and 2017. this bust was gone. Perhaps it was some kind of anniversary exhibition dedicated to the life of this person, or some other historical event? I do not know. There is also a number of testimonies that during the Second Embassy to Europe, in Holland, the liar visited ordinary Dutch families and generously presented them with gifts. The reason for this generosity is unknown. There are a number of versions that link these events to his Dutch origin. But it can also be explained bythat his family or relatives from Sweden (a significant part of the southern coast of the Baltic Sea under Charles XI was part of Sweden) moved and lived first in Denmark, and then they moved to Holland.
8. During his visit to Denmark in 1716, the liar performed a strange act. There is a Round Tower in Copenhagen. It was built in 1642 as the astronomical observatory of the old Copenhagen University. The tower is 36 meters high. Inside the structure there is a spiral, gentle rise that has no steps, the length of which is 209 meters. Along this unique climb in 1716, the liar rode on horseback to the very top of the tower, accompanied by a carriage with Tsarina Catherine. Nobody has ever allowed such a thing. Otherwise, you cannot call it some kind of self-affirming ritual. There is indirect evidence that during this visit he was seen reading and studying documents in Danish (?).
9. The liar subscribed to newspapers for himself from Holland.
10. It is difficult to explain his benevolence or condescension towards the enemies of the Swedes. So before the Battle of Poltava, he sends a wagon train with provisions for the starving Swedish army. Throughout the Northern War, he seeks peace with Charles XII, and only his murder prevented the liar from doing this. Here one can express a version that the liar could come from an impoverished noble family of Danish or Swedish origin. King Charles XI of Sweden (1655 - 1697), who ruled from 1672, waged war with Denmark and annexed part of its territories, after which the “Swede” of the conquered population began, in addition, he also waged an internal struggle with his feudal lords to strengthen his central power, as a result bringing some of them fled from Sweden.
11. For a long time upon arrival in Moscow, he displayed strange behavior inherent in the long convict way of life. He slept using the soldier's naked belly instead of a pillow; for a long time he did not show any interest in women, and everything suggests that the commoner Catherine, the first who managed to restore his male naturalness. It should be noted that hostility towards women could also be caused by the consequence, as noted by the historian M. N. Pokrovsky, his venereal and urological diseases.
12. Many questions arise in connection with the fact that St. Isaac's Cathedral in St. Petersburg became the main temple of Russia after the false Peter. Its history begins with the construction of St. Isaac's Church in 1710 in honor of the Byzantine saint, St. Isaac of Dolmatsky, who lived in the 3rd century. With all that in Russia, and then in Russia, all Christian saints are venerated, and there are thousands of them, his name in the dedication of the Main Temple of the State is unconventional. This choice is explained by the fact that Peter was born on that day. And the assumption arises that the liar wanted by this to perpetuate his name and the time of birth for the nationwide veneration. In recent years, hypotheses have appeared that the officially known time of birth of Peter does not correspond to reality, and he was born, most likely,on the eve or on the day of the celebration of the Orthodox Feast in honor of the Apostles Peter and Paul, that is, at the end of June or the beginning of July. This can explain the choice of his name, which is new and not characteristic of the Russian tsars who reigned before. This version is also supported by the fact that the liar does not have in his appearance anything similar to his parents, but the lifetime portraits of the real Peter have.
St. Isaac's Church in appearance was completely similar to the Lutheran church of the Baltic states. In it, in 1712, the liar married Catherine. In 1717 this church burned down and in the same year they began to build a new stone one, in which the liar personally laid the first stone, and which already looked a little like an Orthodox church. In 1727 the construction was finished, but in 1735 there was a fire, after which the church was dismantled. For many years, the lost church was not remembered.
Only in 1762, Catherine II decided to "recreate" St. Isaac's Church. The construction was repeatedly started and stopped, disassembled and completed. According to official data, the modern St. Isaac's Cathedral was built for 40 years (1818-1858) by the project of the French architect Montferrand, who took the pagan temple of Zeus as its basis.
Isaac's Cathedral was not transferred to the jurisdiction and management of the Synod, but was maintained by the state and was privileged. The salary of its priests was 3-4 times higher than that in ordinary churches.
It is interesting to note that the construction, the fires and restructuring of St. Isaac's Church, and then the Cathedral, if we compare and add 100, 200 and 300 years to their dates, then they coincide with critical periods in Russian history. And, probably, this is not just an accident.
When the construction of St. Isaac's Cathedral was still going on, rumors circulated in St. Petersburg: "When the Cathedral is built and the reign of Nicholas will come to an end." According to another version, this refers to Montferand, the main builder of the Cathedral, who died shortly after its consecration. This also explained the lengthy construction of the Cathedral, which he deliberately delayed.
As soon as the Cathedral was built and finishing work began on March 2, 1855, Nicholas I died of pneumonia, in the midst of the Crimean War, which ended a year later with the defeat of Russia. According to various versions, he was poisoned by the attending physician, life-doctor Mandt, who soon left Russia. According to him, Nicholas I himself asked for poison. Signs of poisoning are evidenced by the fact that Nicholas I died in agonizing agony that lasted several hours (which does not happen with pneumonia). An autopsy and embalming were not carried out, allegedly at the request of the emperor himself.
Was a coup d'état similar to the Decembrist uprising of 1825 being prepared? …. It is quite possible, although such a question has not yet been asked.
St. Isaac's Cathedral was consecrated on May 30, 1858. 400,000 workers, state and serfs, took part in the construction of the cathedral, about a quarter of them died of diseases or died as a result of accidents.
This temple of three kingdoms is pictured:
Granite, brick and destruction.
It would seem that it is not difficult and not very expensive to determine the imposture of a liar now; it is enough to compare the genetic analysis of representatives of the Romanov family. But with the events of recent years, this seems to have become impossible. It is enough to observe the scandal that continues around the recognition and identification of the remains of the royal family of the last Tsar Nicholas II. As you know, the Russian Orthodox Church doubts their authenticity. And Archimandrite Tikhon (Shevkunov) bluntly stated that the royal tombs located in the tomb in the Peter and Paul Cathedral were not authorized to be opened, moreover, quite recently, Probably, this could have happened in the 20s - 90s of the last century, when the Cathedral was closed, and whose bodies are in them are now impossible to determine precisely. The tomb of the false Peter was also opened, and even earlier the tomb of his parents in the Kremlin. True later,When the official opening of the tomb of Emperor Alexander III took place, this version was no longer raised, but how was it really ….?
You can try to conduct archival research on the handwriting and other documents of the liar. But this is unlikely to give a result, because the originals began to be destroyed during the life of the liar. Most of the documents confirming this version should be in the West. Surely informed residents of the German settlement and some politicians in Europe shared this information in their diaries and letters. The most accurate information is available from the archives of the Jesuits, who were present everywhere and obtained at that time intelligence information for the Vatican and not only for him from all over the world. It would be interesting to see the archives of the police, courts, prisons and penal servitude of European states dating back to that time, primarily Poland, Denmark, but possibly Italy. Maybe there is a document on the pardon of some criminal,after all, it was not so easy to release him from prison or hard labor. After all, such a noticeable, even in physiognomic, personality should have left documented traces.
The general characteristics for identifying the identity of a liar are as follows:
- Comes from a small European, possibly Baltic state (Holland, Denmark or Sweden).
- By religion, not a Catholic, most likely a Lutheran, but maybe a Protestant, as he is especially favored.
- A commoner or from a ruined noble family and his name was Isaac.
- Has the beginnings of basic literacy.
- Was a sea pirate or privateer (pirate with a state license).
- Sailed in the southern seas, where he contracted malaria.
- He spent many years in hard labor or in prisons, from where he was released or taken for his role - the mission.
- Born May 30 [June 9] around 1666
The relationship between the Liar and the King of Poland Augustus
After a short stop, the suite was completed again. But the liar is terrible, he trembles all the time, his face twitches, the tsar's clothes do not suit him, in this form it is impossible to lead him to Moscow, the deception will immediately be revealed. It is necessary at least a little to get rid of his characteristic convict appearance, to fatten and calm him down.
It is not known how and in what language the future liar and Augustus communicated with each other in private. Most likely, they spoke some European language well-known to them. Perhaps the translator Shafirov helped them to communicate, who rose to prominence upon his return to Moscow. The liar is dressed in Polish clothes (drawings remain). It was difficult for him to find in these clothes, and the other, due to his height and thinness, he then comes to Moscow. History claims that the Liar and Augustus became very good friends, but this is hardly possible. The king studies him, frightens him, instructs him, perhaps at this time he is forming his own plan - a conspiracy different from the one that he concluded with Lefort. The liar demonstrates the skills of martial robber arts, for example, tossing a scroll of cloth, with one blow of a sea dagger, cuts it in half on the fly. August teaches him the elements of court etiquette, table behavior, communication with those close to him.
Continuation: "The conspiracy theory of the origin of the liar."