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Excavation of Troy. Notice the slanted layers on the right side of the photo.
There are many questions about the location of real Troy. Schliemann may have unearthed one of the cities, but not Troy. But we will not touch on this issue.
Photo from the Schliemann excavation on the Hissarlik hill in Turkey, 1890
An excavated hill.
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Promotional video:
Crimea. Engraving by Dubois. Under the mound-hills, they will say that they have found tombs. Or, perhaps, brought in tombs, littered with cataclysm
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Dungeons of Aras, France
mirralla:
I live in the north of France. In a city that has a long history: Arras. Was the capital of Belgian Gaul; a large city under Caesar, who allegedly lived here; was in the county of the Dukes of Burgundy; was listed in the Spanish (!) Kingdom; … eventually passed to France. It had, as is normal, completely different names. Officially, its history is calculated from the period right up to the birth of Christ, i.e. BC. The terrain is flat, if anything.
So about the underground city. It is believed to have existed since the 10th century. Like, it was convenient for local residents to keep warehouses underground and move from house to house there (!) Oh !!!
Officially they say that there are 33 kilometers (!!!) of undergrounds under the city. The guides report that excavations are underway there (a lie, since I am aware that NOTHING is being done there, since I worked with the Director of the Tourism Office). Opened about 300 meters. Everything else is sealed.
Small addition: only professionals with experience and several diplomas are accepted as a guide to the Office. One of which must be a History Diploma (+ knowledge of several languages). The guides tell stories about the dungeon the way it should. That is, they were told that the dungeons were used for transitions between houses - viteevato explain that it was just that it was more convenient and shorter. The shorter the path underground is not clear. More convenient - because … the rain did not fall from above.
Again, about Arras. There are NO PASSES in the dungeons !!! There is a CITY !!! Perfectly preserved. There are spacious houses, with rooms, kitchens and other things. That is, almost a modern architectural layout. In the walls of the WINDOWS. And all this is completely underground. I asked the guide: “Is this at home? Not basements? They have both windows and doors. " The guide answered evasively that underground floors were just as comfortable as above-ground floors. They contained food, lived in them. “And the windows? These are the windows ?! " - "Nuuu … it could be niches, just niches … for wine, for example.." Isn't it nonsense ????
I asked the Director: "So these are houses underground?" He replied: "Yes, these are normal houses. Niches are normal windows." "Why did the perfectly preserved buildings seem underground?" Answer: Over time, the earth rose due to the vital activity of people. Urbanized sediments, like everywhere else, all over the world."
Can you imagine? Lovely buildings. Nobody cares. They are covered with earth a millimeter a month.
So about the windows. Have you seen windows in many basements?
Here's another weird example. From the official history of Arras:
Earlier, on the site of the modern city of Arras (which just was not) there was a Roman city called Nemetacum or Nemetocena.
And this is approximately what the city looked like over 2000 years ago:
That is, the stones were preserved well, even some kind of earthen vessel was preserved. A fairly large urban infrastructure is assumed (as in the picture). And this all stood for 2 thousand years ????? I do not believe.
And further. This archaeological “site” is considered a tourist destination. Supposedly there are excursions there. However, I do not remember a single day that this travel site was open to visitors. “Temporarily closed” all the time, we will open it… right now. For 15 years I have not been able to get there.
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SETTLEMENT OF THE EARLY IRON AGE VOKS I ON THE VOLOGDA RIVER. IV millennium BC
Excavations were carried out in layers that generally coincided with the natural bedding of the site. The first layer is humus with a thickness of 15-20 cm; the second is a light brown loam, 7-22 cm thick; the third - the upper part of the cultural layer, represented by dark gray loam, about 20 cm thick; the fourth is the lower part of the cultural layer, about 20 cm thick; fifth, a layer of brown clay between the upper and lower cultural layers, about 10 cm thick.
The cultural layer has a uniform dark gray color and is extremely saturated with fragments of pottery and hearth stones. It was not possible to trace any reliable traces of the buildings. In vertical sections, traces of stakes and pillars are occasionally visible. Therefore, all finds from the excavation site are considered summarily.
For a 60-meter excavation, there are quite a lot of material finds - 172. Most of them are stone inventory - 138. These are whole tools, their blanks and fragments, cores and grinding tiles. There are few metal items - 4, but there are several series of items confirming the local production of iron and copper-bronze items. Several clay objects, their fragments and a small amount of animal bones were also found.
In the layers of oblivion (in the terminology of archaeologists), clay, as usual, is nothing.
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Consequences of a dust storm or clay streams?
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In Boston, a freighter from the early 19th century was discovered during construction work.
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May 23 in Moscow during the construction of the Central Ring Road (TsKAD). But the workers could not even think that the gizmos could belong to the 16th century.
Cultural layers under a layer of clay.
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05/25/16: Wooden pavement Tverskoy 16-17 centuries goes under the bucket of an excavator.
Oak beams are uncovered for 100-150 meters of cable trench. Safety - the scrap bounces off. Three quarters have already been broken into during the reconstruction of the street. But a small piece is still left, it can be touched and photographed if you crawl over the fence.
An interesting fact is that the wooden pavement was not dismantled, not dismantled for firewood (in villages this is done with all unusable wood), but the next pavement, already stone, was covered and laid.
There is a layer of clay (layers of oblivion).
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Reconstruction of streets in Moscow, layers exposed:
How deep does this masonry go deep?
Black earth, clay, asphalt.
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Aul Khurzukh. A layer of mudflow soil on the roof, as it were, not dugouts at all, judging by the height, well, it is not at all traditional for the Karachais.
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I received a very interesting letter with comments and additional interesting information from one of the readers:
Dmitry Yurievich, good day!
I, like you, am interested in a possible cataclysm or other natural, or maybe technogenic, phenomenon at the turn of the 1700s. - 1800 x. years.
A little about myself … I am an engineer-designer of bridges and tunnels, specializing in urban transport facilities. Graduated from St. Petersburg State University of Railways named after Alexander the First, at the moment I have been working in the construction organization of St. Petersburg for more than 4 years. But, this is so, for greater importance and your own awareness that I am not an impostor. If necessary, I can send you a photo of my diploma and a link to the social page. I consider these formalities necessary, because on the pages of the Internet there are a lot of amateurs and ordinary blunders who pursue only entertainment interest, there are very few constructive thoughts. So on the topic!
After reading your article “Buried St. Petersburg”, I was pleasantly surprised by the reasoned judgments!
More specifically, after the photo at 8 Gagarinskaya - Tchaikovsky, House of S. A. Kokoshkin, I have some information for you. At the indicated address, I chose it because there is a place I love, the staircase of the corner entrance leads down, and the staircase is extremely inconvenient. Too great degree and short steps, as a result of which the doorway, namely the jamb, is obtained at the forehead of the person entering, which is extremely unpleasant and today would be a flagrant example of the illiteracy of builders or an architect!
Further on the topic of "first floor" windows. As you rightly pointed out, this is not practical. When it rains in every building of this kind, at least in St. Petersburg, these windows are splattered from the street water, since the raindrops splash them quite well. Judging by the original idea of such a performance, to my surprise, I do not think that such eminent professionals could make such an oversight. But this is not the first floor, as there are storage rooms and restrooms for staff below. Everything would be fine if not for one thing! I visited these rooms and was extremely surprised when I saw something in the walls in the form of blanks or dummies for window openings! Although, it is difficult to call them as such, because there are in full readiness laid vaults and openings for windows, with a decent level of the window sill, but the opening itself is bricked up, with a different formation.
Next question. When I visit construction sites in St. Petersburg, I notice the same picture every time! We dug a pit for the foundation and the next cake is visible, 20-30 cm. The so-called cultural layer sometimes reaches half a meter, for often human garbage, the remains of the war years, objects of the tsarist era are rarely found. perfectly preserved booze bubbles with coats of arms, coins and other low-value rubbish. Further, as a rule, there is a fairly decent layer, on average 2-3 m, sandy or clayey soil in which there is nothing, absolutely nothing, except for the occasional tree roots, it is also called a filler or dummy, since it is not suitable for anything … But after this layer, there is always one and the same picture, a fertile layer where roots, plant fragments are always present,it is the fragments because their integrity is absent, in their form, lumps of wood, sometimes some resinous concretions in a chaotic manner. In the same layer you can find old piles or sometimes boards preserved in the required form.
Once, when tying up communications, I had to dig a road on a street in the city center. This is a typical two-lane street, just like the ones you show in the photo, and so. After they took off their traveling clothes, they dug off the filler, came across an unpleasant surprise, a well-laid pavement. Masonry with log backing. When asked the city services why we were not informed about this, they did not hear an answer. And a nuisance because it was not easy to make out all this! The logs, 3-4 meters long, are well preserved.
There are many more confusions in our city, but it's a lot and a long time to paint about it, maybe next time.
Thanks for your attention! Good luck and health!
Best regards, Artyom Doroshev
Leading designer of SAS LLC.
Continued: Part 8