At 8:15 am on June 30, 1908, the sensors of the Irkutsk Observatory registered an earthquake with an epicenter in the Podkamennaya Tunguska area, 65 kilometers from the village of Vanavara. More than 200 hypotheses have been visited by scientists in 90 years, dozens of expeditions have been and are engaged in the study and search, and now, a long time ago, the systematization of the accumulated material, of which there are tons … And a tiny pebble "weighing one hundred thousand tons and a diameter of about 30 meters" not found. How did he sink into the water!.. Maybe it's true, into the water?.. No, although there are swamps and peat bogs on Podkamennaya Tunguska, they are not disturbed, not even crushed, even if only slightly. And the felling of the forest, which was observed from the twenties to the seventies, and now decays catastrophically, all remained on the surface, only burned. What happened 90 years ago?
We are talking about the flight and explosion of the Tunguska space body on June 30, 1908, the nature of which has not yet been established. This phenomenon from someone's light hand, now you can't figure it out, is called the Tunguska meteorite, but it is more correct to call it the Tunguska event or (in the old way) the Tunguska diva. Some features of this phenomenon have caused conflicting interpretations, others have not been answered at all.
First of all, the true direction of flight of this body remained unclear, because, according to the analysis of the felling of the forest and the testimony of dozens of independent eyewitnesses who were south of the explosion site, it turned out that the body flew from east to west. However, along with this, there are testimonies of dozens of other eyewitnesses, who were located east of the explosion site, who claim that the body flew from south to north. In order to somehow link up these conflicting testimonies, some scientists, and in particular F. Yu. Siegel, put forward a hypothesis that the body changed its direction of flight, that is, it was controlled.
It has not yet been possible to find an explanation for the very strong glow of the stratosphere at an altitude of about 85 km, which lasted for three days after the fall of the body and was especially strong on the first night. Moreover, this glow was observed only in the strip stretched from west to east and included the territories of England, Central Europe, South Russia and Central Asia. Obviously, this glow could not have been caused by the trail of the explosion cloud, which would not have been able to rise to such a height and spread over thousands of kilometers in a few hours, right up to England.
Perhaps this glow was caused by the flight of the body itself, which initially flew from west to east, and then turned north?
The nature of the trajectory and the flight speed of the Tunguska space body is also puzzling. According to eyewitnesses, it turns out that it flew about 800 km along a gentle trajectory with a very small angle of inclination, and its final speed was only 1-2 km / s, while for meteorites and comets it is about 30-60 km / s.
In the newspaper "Siberia" (1908 - July 2 (15)), published in Irkutsk, the flight of this body was described as follows: "June 17 (30), 1908 at the beginning of 9 o'clock in the village of N. Karelin the peasants saw in the north-west quite high above the horizon some extremely luminous body, moving for 10 minutes. The body was presented in the form of a pipe, that is, it was cylindrical …"
Many eyewitnesses not only saw the flight of this body, but at the same time heard the sounds generated by it - a fact that indicates that the speed of its flight did not exceed the speed of sound.
Promotional video:
Local teacher G. Zyryanov from the village of Sosnino, who observed the flight of the body, described it as follows:
"A body similar to a log, but much brighter than the sun and with a huge sheaf of sparks behind, floated across the sky below the clouds." Other eyewitnesses said it looked like a barrel:
"Narrower at the edges, thicker in the middle."
The nature of the explosion itself remained unexplained, the calculated power of which, according to various sources, was 20-40 Mgt and under the influence of which individual roofs were torn off and fences were knocked down at a distance of up to 400 km, and in the place of the explosion itself a forest was tumbled down on an area of 30-50 km. What energy could cause such a powerful explosion? Scientists who hold the opinion that the Tunguska body was a comet with an ice core believe that the explosion was purely mechanical, due to the instantaneous transformation of this ice core into vapor. Then the questions arise, where did the powerful magnetic disturbance come from, which caused the remagnetization of the soil on an area of 3500 km, which lasted about 4 hours after the explosion, and why did the trees in the explosion zone grow 4-10 times faster?
By the way, academician G. I. Petrov, based on an analysis of the flight speed and trajectory of the body, came to the conclusion that this explosion could have occurred not due to kinetic, but only due to the internal energy of the flying body.
There is also an assumption that this explosion was nuclear, although, according to Academician Petrov, the gamma background in the area of the Tunguska explosion was approximately 100 times less than it should be at the site of an air nuclear explosion of such power.
Perhaps the explosion was caused by some kind of internal energy, so far unknown to science?
Of interest are also reports that in the area of Podkamennaya Tunguska then there was not one, but three explosions with intervals between them. In particular, the newspaper "Voice of Tomsk" wrote about this (1908 - July 15):
“In Kansk, Yenisei province, on June 17 (30), at 9 o'clock in the morning, an underground blow followed, everything started to shake. The rumble was heard as from a distant cannon shot. After 5-7 minutes, a second blow followed, stronger than the first, accompanied by the same rumble. And a minute later another blow, but weaker than the first …"
Scientists also did not come to a consensus as to why in the area of the explosion - if we assume that the described body is a meteorite - neither a crater nor remnants of the substance of which the exploded body consisted was found, although its diameter, according to calculations, was several hundred meters, and the mass is about one million tons.
Eighty years have passed since the explosion of the Tunguska cosmic body, during which more than 80 different hypotheses about its origin were put forward, but today it still remains unidentified.
The most incredible hypotheses were proposed. The possibility of a collision of the Earth with a microscopic "black hole" was called, as evidenced by a huge crater with a diameter of 300 meters in Australia: the "hole" allegedly pierced the Earth through and through. A meteorite from antimatter was also assumed, which annihilated when it met the Earth's substance. The comet, with the nucleus (or a fragment of the nucleus) of which our planet allegedly collided in 1908, is a fairly common theory. By the way, for many years Academician N. V. Vasiliev himself adhered to it, whose initiative group at Tomsk University "keeps its finger on the pulse" of the meteoritics industry, which has long been formed into a separate science, with the code name "Tunguska Phenomenon". Nikolai Vladimirovich himself explained in 1986 his inescapable interest in Vanavara by the initial romance, when they, a group of young scientists,at their own peril and risk (and at their own, by the way, insignificant funds - because the search for the Tunguska miracle is not only not funded, which is not surprising in our time, but was never funded by the state!) went in search of an interplanetary alien ship. By the way, then S. P. Korolev supported them (morally)!..
Maybe, maybe, and the comet's nucleolus. Maybe a "black hole". Almost none of the theories took into account a simple thing: the taiga trees in the very epicenter of the explosion were burned, lost branches, but remained standing. The taiga fell out is also extremely interesting: it is not a circle, not an oval, not a "corridor", but a complex asymmetric area, where all the forests lie with their tops from the epicenter, as if the meteorite did not fly from east to west at an observation angle of about 10 degrees (that is, almost parallel to the surface of the earth), but fell from heaven vertically, like Cyrano de Bergerac "from the moon" in Rostand's play. Moreover, he did not crush the trees, but only scorched them. It is all the more surprising that the area of the dump is not just one hundred square meters, and not two: more than 50 square kilometers!
N. V. Vasiliev himself twenty-five years ago agreed that, apparently, the mass of the meteorite is very much overestimated, that the comet nucleus could weigh almost nothing and be incorporeal in the full sense (a gas-dust cloud, that's all), but explosion, and the strongest, Nikolai Vladimirovich did not deny. However, already in an interview given to Izvestia in December 1986, the academician, commenting on the imminent meeting with Halley's comet, was glad that the composition of the nucleus of Halley's comet, which he himself assumed, coincided with what the research had brought. It must be said that exactly the same composition of the nucleus was proposed by N. V. Vasiliev for the Tunguska meteorite (comet): a mixture of particles of metals, stones and ice. However, it is unlikely that the ice core would explode, and besides, ice meteorites have repeatedly fallen to the Earth, often leaving no visible trace on the surface or in the atmosphere - not even a steam-water one. But in June 1908, eyewitnesses observed - a fireball!.. However, depending on what kind of ice: if these are frozen gases such as ammonia, then at the very first meeting with the atmosphere, ammonia will not only become gaseous, but also heat up to unprecedented temperatures.
Fifteen years ago, the authors of this book were faced with the problem intimately - though indirectly, through one of the authors of the hypothesis, which later, perhaps, for the Tunguska diva disappeared, but was not swept away for all other meteorites.
The authors of the hypothesis are the Simonov brothers, Sergei Alekseevich and Alexander Alekseevich. The latter, as a professional physicist, subsequently became interested in other things that had nothing to do with meteorics, and S. Simonov remained faithful to the topic and continued to develop it, by the way, correlating his conclusions and proposals with the opinions of some specialists from the group of Academician Vasiliev.
But first, about the hypothesis itself, which seems extremely simple and interesting, and also explains a lot (though not all) in the Tunguska phenomenon. Brothers Simonov:
… At about seven o'clock in the morning on June 30 (the time determined in the article was given by the brothers, probably in a different time zone. - Author), at a speed of 45 km / sec, he entered the Earth's ionosphere at an acute angle.
The ionosphere is the upper part of the atmosphere at altitudes from 50 to 1500 km, which is the plasma shell of the Earth, which contains a large number of charged particles: ions and electrons.
Here the magnetic field lines of the meteorite (it is assumed that it is still iron-nickel. - Author) played the role of an open trap for the surrounding plasma. A plasma-energy shell (PEO) appears around it, in some way a reduced likeness of the Earth's radiation belts. TM (with this abbreviation we will further denote the notorious meteorite) flew at a very acute angle (10 degrees), which increased 6 times the time it spent in the ionosphere and made it possible to interact with it more efficiently."
Further, the authors, engaged in pure physics of the process, believe that the effect of the meteorite's magnetic fields on the charged plasma particles caused the emission of electromagnetic fields (betatron, or bremsstrahlung) and high-frequency electric fields.
“The“echo”effect predicted by A. A. Vlasov and obtained experimentally in 1966 could occur in the ionospheric plasma. As applied to our meteorite, it consists in the fact that the emitted fields return to the region of their origin, that is, to the trajectory of the meteorite, and again contribute to a greater efficiency of interaction of DM with the ionosphere and the concentration of energy in its plasma wake.
When the TM entered the dense layers of the atmosphere, its kinetic energy led to heating and ionization of the air flowing around it. In this case, the ionized air components will flow along the lines of force of the magnetic field of the TM, which plays the role of a magnetic funnel here, into the rear part of the meteorite, forming a plasma filament connecting the TM with the ionosphere. Part of the powerful radio emission from the meteorite will be intensely absorbed by this filament, inducing high-frequency electric fields in it, in which, as Academician P. L. Kapitsa believed, the plasma filament is held much better than in a magnetic field. In our case, this corresponds to good lateral stability of the plasma wake. Another part of the TM radiation will be transmitted along the surface of the cord to the ionosphere and create an energy cloud there …
Such an intensive transfer of kinetic energy TM into the energy of the plasma "bottle" led to the fact that the meteorite was decelerated much more intensively than it would follow from the laws of aerodynamics. Eyewitness reports about the low speed of TM at the end of the trajectory of the fall and the absence of strip felling of the forest confirm this (here and further it is emphasized by us. - Author).
… The Tunguska meteorite would not have left so many mysteries if the end of its trajectory did not coincide with the anomalous region of the Earth, the tectonic features of which played an important role in the development of the Tunguska phenomenon - the action took place ideally close to the volcanic tube of an ancient volcano crater (paleovolcano).
Found by Tomsk scientists in a layer of peat formed in 1908, frozen silicate droplets ranging in size from 20 to 100 microns are, apparently, a trace of a giant discharge, it also caused a kind of "bird's claw" -type tree burn.
Since the epicenter of the plasma explosion was away from the meteorite, the shock wave threw it away. The DM trajectory could also be influenced by the huge magnetic fields of the ionosphere - Earth discharge.
The TM thrown back to the south … was seen by observers near the Kezhma village at an altitude of 25-35 kilometers. Let us recall the report of the district police officer: "… from the south towards the north … a huge aerolite flew by …"
We assume that he ate in the opposite direction for years …"
Such is a long quote, so as not to get confused in the physics of the process, presented by the authors back in 1984 in the newspaper "Komsomolets Uzbekistan". Further, A. and S. Simonovs explain how the meteorite flew 400 kilometers to the south, that is, it ricocheted from north to south, and eyewitnesses saw it flying from south to north, which is indicated in the report of the district police officer. Here, according to the authors, physics and psychology are mixed (the difference between the speeds of light and sound and the reverse movement of the discharge from a meteorite - from south to north). For further discussion, it is also important for us that, according to the testimony of eyewitnesses, the meteorite "made a series of sounds similar to gunshots, and then disappeared."
The studies of the Simonov brothers led to the fact that they discovered another interesting feature: presumably the meteorite fell, as many already understand, not on Podkamennaya Tunguska, but in the Kezhma region, that is, exactly 400 km south of the primary region - the epicenter of taiga collapse. And he fell … at the point where the mouth of another paleovolcano emerged!..
The Simonovs structured their concept as follows. Although theoretically it might well be that the sound of a discharge receding to the north was taken for the direction of flight, there is still no great reason not to believe many eyewitnesses in the Kezhma region. Since they say that the meteorite flew north, then it really flew. And the brothers found that this could very well be. How?
It has already been said that the meteorite was catastrophically losing kinetic energy, and the deceleration was much more intense than "supposed" by the laws of aerodynamics. So, drawn by an anomalous vent of a paleovolcano in the Podkamennaya Tunguska (Vanavara) region, the plasmoid really exploded on Podkamennaya Tunguska. However, the TM itself, having lost its kinetic energy (inhibited!), “Fell out” from the cord, which extended the trajectory without it. And "having fallen out", the meteorite could fall in the region of Kezhma. Moreover, he was not particularly hot (the plasma accumulated around him "worked") and in a deserted place could well get lost from the eyes of observers. Indeed, when so many people saw how he flew, for some reason there is not a single observer of the very moment of the fall … He simply could fall like an ordinary, albeit huge, stone.
Constantly returning to the subject of TM, Sergei Alekseevich continued to search archives and storerooms for "traces" of the meteorite. And he came to an interesting discovery. It contradicted their whole theory! But finally it is getting closer to our topic.
So many eyewitnesses had accumulated that it was possible to describe almost in seconds - where, when and in what direction the Tunguska object flew. This is exactly what Simonov did by plotting these points and observation times on the map. And the paradoxical became clear: just before the "fall", that is, just before the explosion, either a meteorite, or a discharge, or a plasmoid rushed from point to point, quite far from the explosion site. And this indicates … the reasonable nature of the object's actions. And S. Simonov concludes: the Tunguska meteorite is nothing but a UFO that has lost control.
He brought his discovery to Tomsk, to Vasiliev's group, and soon this conclusion was prepared for publication and published, accompanied by an evidentiary article. The article was published in co-authorship - for the reason that, calling the scientists of Tomsk, Simonov heard the same conclusion and on the same grounds from Tomsk residents. The hypothesis was born in parallel, as is often the case.
Approaching our own conclusion on the subject of TM, we want to refer to the discovery of "light pillars", which is "on the conscience" of the Simonov expedition in 1986, and to the "testimonies" of eyewitnesses (borrowed from the literature and from S. Simonov's reports). At the Angara at the moment of the passage of the celestial object, the following was happening.
“Houses were moving, the windows flew out. We saw stripes, the sky looked like blood. Red clouds by themselves, and stripes - pillars. Red and yellow. They bent down from the bottom up."
“The stone fell. The pillars entered the sky. At first the stripes were standing, and then they were firing like from cannons."
"Did the stone fall?" Strongly said. You won't check. What if you saw it? But let's continue.
“The pillars were lumpy, they walked nearby. The pillars themselves, like a good log, two logs will fit between them. First one, then another, third. Stripes of the same width."
“As if the pillars come out from below, these stripes. Each strip ran continuously. The stripes lasted for a while, not very long …"
But back to the site of the disaster at Podkamennaya Tunguska. The memoirs of the Evenk Chuchanchi, who, together with his brother, was 40-45 kilometers from the place of the global explosion are presented. In 1926, when his story was recorded, the hunter insisted very much that this story was as accurate as possible, since it was the most vivid memory of his life. The parentheses within its text contain comments by the Simonov brothers from the 1984 publication.
… Suddenly, thunder struck very hard. This was the first blow. The earth began to twitch and sway, a strong wind hit our chum and knocked it down (the breakdown of a ballistic shock wave with a sharp deceleration of TM). Then I saw a terrible miracle: woods fall they burn … It's hot, very hot, you can burn (the light radiation of the plasma shell of TM that began to collapse from the pressure of the air) … Suddenly, over the mountain, where the forest had already fallen, it became very light, as if a second sun had appeared. Suddenly it flashed. It even closed them. It looked like what the Russians call - lightning. And immediately there was a strong thunder. This was the second blow (explosion of the plasma shell of a meteorite torn off by the counter discharge and after that the discharge of the excited ionosphere in the form of lightning following the trail of TM to the crater of the paleovolcano) … After that we saw, as if above, but in a different place,flashed again, and there was a great thunder. This was the third blow (a trail of a red-hot meteorite thrown south by the explosion). The wind swooped down on us, knocked us off our feet, hit the fallen forest (the shock wave came). We watched the falling trees, watched the fire. Suddenly Chekaren shouted:
"Look up!" - and showed with his hand. I looked there and again saw lightning, it flashed and hit again. It was the fourth blow, like ordinary thunder (second ionospheric lightning: ionosphere - meteorite over Kezhma - its trail is the epicenter of the explosion). Now I remember well, there was one more blow, the fifth, but it was small and somewhere far away (the distant sound of a plasma cloud explosion over Kezhma)."
That seems to be all. The brothers (Simonovs) mentioned “mysterious bright nights” in a large part of Russia and Western Europe from June 30 to July 3-4: it was so bright that it was possible to read a small text.
There is nothing mysterious about this. If a significant area of the Earth's atmospheric and ionospheric envelope is ionized, and the atmosphere is a gas, gas, and behaved accordingly, probably also being fed by the induced fields. From the giant “minus” of the Earth, a significant, despite its “infinity”, charge was probably taken away, and a skew arose, a potential difference that does not exist in a steady, equilibrium position, in the normal course of earthly life. And if it happens, then locally - in places, during thunderstorms.
The "pillars" are also a little mysterious. They are from the same series: the ionosphere excited in one way or another. A variation of the northern lights. It also happens when the sun is restless, when the ionosphere receives a colossal external energy flow.
Of course, a magnetic storm was observed at the indicated time! Most likely, not everyone survived those turbulent, disastrous days … Unfortunately (or fortunately), we also do not know about those who, perhaps, nevertheless ended up in the immediate vicinity of the explosion site - both in Vanavar and in Kezhma, on Cove, no matter how sparsely populated these areas seem to us …
The authors of the theory made an unintentional mistake, which means a lot for the further development of thought about the Tunguska phenomenon. The fact is that they (and many others) say that the nights have become bright since June 30. No, they were light about a week before the explosion on Podkamennaya Tunguska and were light for a week after the explosion. And this is the real mystery!
According to their hypothesis, A. and S. Simonov made a report to the Commission on Meteorics and Cosmic Dust of the Siberian Branch of the USSR Academy of Sciences in Novosibirsk, and the report was not only received positively, but also entered the theoretical basis from which they approach all heavenly guests on our planet. In any case, the hypothesis will not disappear and will be used in the future.
Unfortunately, the graphs or seismograms of the Irkutsk Observatory, located 900 kilometers from Vanavara, have not survived. It is only known that the seismic wave after the explosion on Podkamennaya Tunguska twice ran around the entire planet, and it was recorded not only in Irkutsk, but almost all weather stations in the world. It was not a feather that fell, but a meteorite weighing about 100 thousand tons! Probably, this blow was still weaker than the explosion of a thousand atomic bombs such as the one dropped on Hiroshima (it is in this figure that the power of the explosion in Vanavara is estimated), but it should not have gone unnoticed.
Researchers, although not immediately, nevertheless took up TM. For 72 years (the study began only in 1926), almost every bush was examined, which at that time was not even mentioned. Several hundred such volumes of earth were sifted through sieves and fingers, which, according to estimates, contained the mighty stone that fell on the planet. A violation of the magnetic properties of the soil, biological mutations of ants and other living organisms were revealed. Abnormal growth of trees - from the same number. Found "droplets" ranging in size from 20 to 100 microns, and a stone "the size of a nine-story building" - not found?.. Very strange.
Was he really the Tunguska meteorite?
S. Simonov himself survived the Tashkent earthquake in 1966. In the city, all those who survived the earthquake, especially in the Chilanzar region, remember that just before the first destructive shock there was an orange glow that covered half the sky. In fact, the force of the elements was not that great: the 1980 Nazarbek earthquake, which had a force of 8.1 at the epicenter, when at least 7.5-7.8 points came to Tashkent, was much more powerful. The waveform was different, and, accordingly, the impact on ground objects was different. The nature of both was probably also different. In 1966 there was panic, but in 1980 there was almost no panic. What's the matter?..
And the fact that in 1980 there was no glow.
The anomalous point of the Earth in the Vanavara region (paleovolcano) and the anomalous point in the Kezhma region (paleovolcano), for some unknown reason, which is now pointless to discuss, without knowing the nature of the phenomenon, self-excited. As a result, even a week before the explosion on Podkamennaya Tunguska, all over Eastern Europe (according to the inhabitants of Saransk, contemporaries of TM) there were white nights. The pumping of the atmosphere and ionosphere was already in full swing. Finally, on June 30, 1908, at 8 hours 15 minutes in the morning, there was a sharp release of energy (possibly a transfer from crater to crater). This tube of the volcano threw a ball of energy into the atmosphere, which, when interacting with the atmosphere and the ionosphere, gave rise to a giant plasmoid, which exploded right there, on the spot, in the area of the ejection. Parts of it, into which it almost immediately broke, scattered at the same time in different directions (that's why the evidence is so contradictory,that is why the "aerolite" rushed about, as the district police officer aptly called it in the report to the Yenisei provincial administration). The reverse movement of the discharge (a kind of 400-kilometer "arc") - from the Kezhemsky crater to the Vanavarsky crater is also possible. Even most likely.
In fact, we are dealing with a giant ball lightning, and not with one, but with several, into which, perhaps, the original one broke. Hence - discharges in different directions, from here - the scattering of giant balls, from here - a multitude of explosions, because there is no reason not to believe the Evenkuhunter, just like him - there is no reason to compose something that did not exist. Moreover, this coincides with the data of Kezhma's eyewitnesses (not a shot from a cannon, but shooting!) Most likely, such phenomena tend to repeat themselves. And this is necessarily associated with Halley's comet.
About four years before the appearance of the comet within the limits of astronomical visibility, giant and mysterious catastrophes occur on Earth. Among them is the Tunguska object. And a few more years after the Earth's approach with Halley's comet, the same inexplicable things happen - tsunamis, giant waves, earthquakes, floods, spontaneous explosions. UFOs are activated, "clouds of gas" (Ufa), nuclear power plants (Chernobyl), pyramids of fertilizers brought to the fields (Ryazan) explode from nowhere, explode, states collapse (Russia - revolutions of 1905 and 1917; Soviet Union - 1985-1991-1993 biennium) …
The district police officer wanted to be absolutely precise. What are we reading?
"Over the village of Kezhemsky (on the Angara), from the south towards the north in clear weather, a huge aerolite flew high in the heavenly space, which, discharged, made a series of sounds like shots from guns, and then disappeared …"
By all indications, there really was no Tunguska meteorite. There were plasmoids - either one or several. They did not come from anywhere: their own, "domestic". Perhaps, as the harbingers of the coming upheavals, which appointed the bloody XX century for Mother Russia.
And the physical process was approximately the same that the Simonov brothers remarkably described (and at first very coolly "calculated"). Only in the absence of the heavenly stone itself, for the sake of which an ingenious theory was invented.
Who knows, what if they find TM by the 100th anniversary? Then he will tell everything about himself.
A huge crater - 1200 meters in diameter and 114 meters deep - according to geologists, "clearly of meteoric origin", appeared in the state of Arizona in prehistoric times - does it contain at least anything? Any splinter? Or a ring of comparable craters around the city of Charleston? If these are not the remains of "burst bubbles" on the surface of boiling lava, similar to holes on pancakes, then most likely their origin is the same. And the most huge, Arizona, the Indians of the Navajo tribe preserved an explanation (a wonderful explanation, by the way!): “God descended from heaven in the form of a pillar of fire and, destroying everything around, with a terrible roar, disappeared underground …” It seems that this “meteorite””Was not, and the physical phenomenon is similar to the Tunguska.
Space artifacts are objects that have come to Earth from space and have signs of artificial origin. Among such mysteries is the Canadian meteorite weighing 150 kilograms, discovered in 1960. It is a metal alloy with a high magnesium content unknown to science. The find could not be associated with either military or space technology of terrestrial origin, since the surface of the meteorite has traces of a long stay in space.
In 1964, in Czechoslovakia, in front of eyewitnesses, a 200-gram meteorite from an alloy that does not occur naturally in its natural form fell from the sky. Despite the slight melting of the surface, it retained clear traces of machining.
In 1981, a meteorite "rain" passed over Tunisia where, among other fallen stones, an ideal stone cube with an edge length of 20 centimeters was found … Today one can only guess about the true nature of these and other space artifacts.
"Secrets of UFOs", A. Varakin and others.