Man seeks proof of the existence of God as much as he believes in Him. People are so arranged that they are used to checking their feelings with reason, and even better - to support them with a strong scientific theory based on empirical data. And, I must say that recently the supporters of the scientific proof of the existence of God have greatly strengthened their positions.
PLATO AND ARISTOTLE
Strictly speaking, the great thinkers of antiquity did not seek to prove the existence of God as some kind of omnipotent rational, eternal and omnipresent personality responsible for creating the world out of nothing. According to Plato, the "visible space" surrounding us was created by the Demiurge. The latter is nothing more than a kind of higher Mind, which by its own will puts in order the primitive matter that is in chaos. That is, the Demiurge does not create matter itself, it already exists. Moreover, the Platonic Demiurge is not omnipotent. Although he is trying to bring the world in line with the ideal living in his mind, he cannot fully cope with the resistance of stubborn matter, which always seeks to disrupt order and return to chaos. As for the disciple of Plato Aristotle, this famous philosopher argued the existence of the First Cause of all that exists, which, in fact, assigned the role of,similar to the divine. But only similar. Aristotle did not endow his First Cause with the qualities of a person and considered it capable of influencing a person's life only insofar as a rational person had to comprehend the essence of the First Cause as a kind of Supreme Truth. And nothing more.
Thomas Aquinas and Kant
When, in the XII - early XIII centuries, thanks to Arabic translations, many works of Aristotle, Plato and other ancient philosophers finally got to Europe, a crisis of faith arose, which was later called "Averroist", after the Arab philosopher Averroes (Ibn Rushd) … It arose precisely because of the inconsistency and incompatibility of the teachings of Aristotle with Christianity. Aristotle's God could not be a Christian God (as well as Muslim, by the way, in the Arab world, after translations of the works of ancient philosophers, similar disputes and passions seethed). At the same time, the authority of Aristotle and Plato was so great that he could argue with the authority of Catholic saints and even the apostles. The "averroist crisis" required an urgent resolution. And it was resolved thanks to the works of Albertus Magnus and, even more so, Thomas Aquinas. The latter, in his famous works "The Sum of Theology" and "The Sum of Philosophy", directly argued that philosophy, as a science, can help in resolving any crisis of faith and prove the existence of God as the creator of the universe and an eternal intelligent person. And he proved. Moreover, it was precisely scientific evidence. For the reason that philosophy is a scientific discipline. Of course, the famous five proofs of the existence of God (the first two, by the way, actually repeat the thoughts of Aristotle about the First Cause and the Primordial Mover of all things), deduced by Thomas Aquinas, were not empirical in the literal sense of the word, since he did not conduct appropriate physical experiments, and he could not to carry them out. Unless, of course, we do not consider sensory experience as such, the experience of perception (by the way, why not?). We will not cite here the proofs of Thomas Aquinas and analyze them in detail, since they are generally available. We will only repeat the words of Bulgakov's Woland that Kant: "completely destroyed all five proofs, and then, as if in mockery of himself, constructed his own sixth proof!" However, Kant's proof, based on the fact that every person has a moral feeling, conscience and, therefore, must exist both God, and his Judgment and immortality, as the motivation and the root cause of this feeling, has been repeatedly criticized and is not flawless and final. However, Kant's proof, based on the fact that every person has a moral feeling, conscience and, therefore, must exist both God, and his Judgment and immortality, as the motivation and the root cause of this feeling, has been repeatedly criticized and is not irreproachable and final. However, Kant's proof, based on the fact that every person has a moral feeling, conscience and, therefore, must exist both God, and his Judgment and immortality, as the motivation and the root cause of this feeling, has been repeatedly criticized and is not irreproachable and final.
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PHYSICISTS, BIOLOGISTS, MATHEMATICS
As time went on, not only philosophers, but also other scientists took up the proof of the existence of God. For example, the founder of experimental science, astronomer, physicist and mathematician Galileo Galilei said directly: "In the actions of nature, the Lord God appears to us no less admirable image than in the divine verses of Scripture." The great Isaac Newton, who discovered the three classical laws of mechanics and the law of universal gravitation, did not lag behind him: “The wonderful structure of the cosmos and the harmony in it can only be explained by the fact that the cosmos was created according to the plan of an Omniscient and Omnipotent Being. This is my first and last word. " I am sure that God exists, there was also Albert Einstein, who wrote: “… In the infinite universe, the activity of infinitely perfect Reason is revealed. The usual idea of me as an atheist is a big mistake. If this idea is gleaned from my scientific work, I can say that my scientific work is not understood. " Max Planck said that for religion God stands at the very beginning of reasoning, and for natural science - at the end. Such giants of science, Nobel laureates, such as Niels Bohr, Wolfgang Pauli, Karl Werner Heisenberg, Paul Dirac and others, came to similar conclusions. Geneticist and biologist Francis S. Collins, director of the project for decoding the human genome, wrote a whole book, which he called: “Proof of God. Scientist's arguments”. And the brilliant mathematician Kurt Friedrich Gödel developed the "incompleteness theorem", which logically proves the existence of God. In 2013, scientists Christoph Benzmüller and his colleague Bruno Wolsenlogel Paleo, using computer calculations, proved that on a mathematical level, Gödel's theorem is true.
Proofs of the Quantums
Arguing about the scientific evidence for the existence of God (the Universal Mind, the Higher Power, etc.), it should be admitted that, no matter how perfect and accurate they may be, an inveterate atheist will not accept them. Even if a miracle happens before his eyes, inexplicable from the point of view of modern science. Such is human nature. And miracles, nevertheless, happen literally every moment. We are talking about the quantum world, which is the basis, alpha and omega of the universe. The most "popular" quantum is the photon. Light is a stream of photons. And the first "miracle" that we learn back in high school is that a photon (or quantum) is both a wave and a particle. Or, in other words, it is both material and immaterial. Move on. Science has proven that a quantum can be at two points at the same time. And two quanta,instantly "feel" the change in the state of each other at any distance and immediately react to it. We emphasize - any. Even a centimeter, even a billion light years - without And so on, and so forth.
All these wonders of the quantum world are not just theoretical inventions, they are proved experimentally. And the quantum world itself is dominant in relation to the "material" world, which we observe, listen to, touch, smell and taste. Speaking of observation. How does the quantum world turn into reality around us? Quantum physics states with all certainty that this is possible only with the act of … observation. That is, what we see around us would not have arisen without us, people, as intelligent observers. And this is not abstract reasoning, and not a metaphor. From the point of view of quantum mechanics, this is true. But then the question arises. Who watched the world when there was no man? Because the laws of the same quantum mechanics prove: the quantum transition that occurred at the moment of the Big Bang, at the moment,when from "nothing" arose "everything" would have been impossible without a reasonable observer from the outside. In other words, God. Believe it or not - everyone's business. But it doesn't hurt to know what science thinks on this issue.
Akim Bukhtatov