As soon as it appeared, the human community developed a certain standard for the appearance of a person: two arms, two legs, ears and nose where it should be. It was understood that man was originally created by God in his “image and likeness” and could not be different. Babies born who deviated from the "standard" were recognized as monsters, the offspring of Satan, and were subject to destruction. For a long time, blacks were not considered worthy of the title of man for their dark skin color. At the beginning of the 19th century, archeology began to develop, grave robbers were replaced by scientists. And then strange, almost human skulls began to emerge from the graves. Precisely "almost", since they were very, very different from human ones.
Strange elongated skulls
The first strange elongated skulls were found in Peru. The Europeans regarded them as another curiosity of the New World. However, in 1820, a strange elongated skull was found in Austria near a settlement attributed to the Avars (for this reason, it remained in science as the "Avar skull").
Scientists, without hesitation, declared it a Peruvian, incomprehensible wind brought from South America to the Old World.
But then they found the second, third … "Avar skulls" were found in the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Moldova, Bulgaria, Germany, Poland, Hungary, Switzerland, France and England. Currently, the number of such finds is in the hundreds. I had to look for a replacement for the theory of their Peruvian origin. Saracens, Huns, Tatars, Franks, Helvetians, Celts, Goths - whoever did not attribute the elongated skulls found in Europe.
The geography of the finds was not limited to Europe and Peru. Many finds were made in the Eastern Mediterranean, in Egypt, in Central Asia, in the Volga region, in the Middle East. There were finds in Siberia (the so-called "Omsk skull"), in the Caucasus and in the Crimea. In America, in addition to Peru, elongated skulls were found in Chile, Mexico, Ecuador, in the territories of North America, Cuba and the Antilles. There is information that a group of archaeologists led by Dimian Waters found three elongated skulls in Antarctica.
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Extensive and spread over time. The oldest find from New Wales (Australia) is 13,000 years old. Skulls found in Central Asia date back to the 5th-3rd century BC, and in Lebanon, Crete and Cyprus - from the 7th-2nd millennia BC. The latest scientists found on the territory of Poland and France date back to the XI-XIII centuries. AD
Artificial deformation of the skulls
These strange skulls were not a mystery for long. In one of the burials, a baby's mummy was found, whose head was pulled together with wooden planks. Naturally, the clamped skull will deform as it grows. This is how the theory of "artificial skull deformation" (IDC) arose. Records of Bishop Diego Landa were found in the Madrid archives describing this strange custom among the South American Indians. The Spaniards considered the custom barbaric, banned it and, using the most cruel measures, managed to eradicate it.
This custom was very widespread among the ancient Sarmatians. Of those found in burials of the 2nd-4th centuries A. D. skulls 88% were subjected to IDC practice. Lenardo da Vinci of medieval Persia Al Biruni wrote that the custom of IDC was very widespread among the population of Fergana and Khorezm in the pre-Islamic era. Even today, individual tribes of Congo, Sudan and the New Hebrides are practicing IDC. Of course, scientists have a natural question, why was this done? They began to look for answers.
Versions
Version one: for beauty. Even now, IDC practitioners tribes find it beautiful. Of course, every nation has its own notions of beauty and we know what sacrifices women are willing to make to look like a “queen”. It is possible that in ancient times, parents subjected their daughters to the IDC procedure in order to make them beautiful.
Version two: a deformed skull was a sign of belonging to a noble or privileged caste. The owners of the elongated skulls were Pharaoh Akhenaten, his beautiful wife Nefertiti and their daughters. The burials of many "eggheads" testify that their owners belonged to the "cream of society".
The third version: the owners of deformed skulls acquired exceptional psychic abilities - thus a caste of priests-diviners was formed.
Probably, each nation had its own reasons (or a set of reasons) to "grow" people who differed in appearance from their fellow tribesmen. However, none of these versions explains the main question: why did this strange "fashion" spread from Bavaria to New Guinea? Why did nations fall under this fad, separated by geographical and time frames? Why did everyone as one give preference to an elongated head shape, rather than triangular, square or flattened? Who were the role models?
Head of god
All peoples, without exception, have gods in their mythology who brought people knowledge and culture. In some epics, they are described as having supernatural strength, people with sharp heads. The Swiss ufologist Erich von Daniken put forward a theory according to which the gods with elongated skulls were representatives of an alien civilization.
If the aliens had contacts with earthly women (and all the legends about the gods include such a plot), the children born could have received an elongated skull from the "dad". The sons and daughters of the "god" received power over their fellow tribesmen, became leaders, kings, and pharaohs. Over time, the blood of divine ancestors was more and more diluted by the earthly, and the time came for the artificial deformation of the skull, in order to continue to have the right to call themselves "descendants of the gods."
A slender theory that explains literally everything. This fits both the theory of beauty (gods cannot be ugly by definition) and the craze for having an "egg-shaped" head (with such a head you will be smart as a god).
Is there any tangible evidence for Daniken's crazy theory? Were there "gods" on Earth who struck people with an elongated skull? You know, there were.
Skulls by Robert Connolly
Researcher of ancient civilizations Robert Connolly, during his travels around the world, was everywhere interested in unusual skulls. In 1995, the results of his research, along with numerous photographs, he released in the form of a CD-ROM disk "The Search for Ancient Wisdom".
First of all, of interest are the cone-shaped skulls that he photographed in museums in South America. Outwardly, they resemble the already familiar skulls that have undergone the IDC procedure. However, their volume is from 2200 to 2500 cc, which is simply inexplicable! The volume of the brain of an ordinary person is 1300-1400 cc. and no matter how the skull is deformed, the volume of the brain remains unchanged.
Of course, deviations are possible, so the writer I. S. Turgenev had a brain volume of 1980 cc, but this case is considered unique in medicine. (In medicine, an individual with a large brain volume - 2800 cc, is registered, but he was a complete idiot.) Connolly, on the other hand, presents a whole selection of photographs of abnormally large skulls, which allows us to speak about the massive nature of this phenomenon.
Doctors unequivocally say that the existence of people with such brain sizes is impossible. Babies whose brains exceed a certain size in development die at an early age (nature is cruel!), But Connolly's skulls belonged to adults! And in the case of pathology, the brain grows evenly in all directions, and does not stretch in length.
And after all, in the collection of Connolly there are photographs of skulls with brain volumes of 2600 cc. and even more than 3000 cubic centimeters, also belonging to adult individuals. In order to finally squeeze out from scientists the recognition that these were not people, it took a study of skulls from Paracas.
Skulls of Paracas
The Paracas Peninsula is at a distance of 240 km. from the capital of Peru, Lima. 150 km. lies the famous Nazca plateau. In 1928, Peruvian archaeologist Julio Tello discovered a huge cemetery on the peninsula. The necropolis consisted of a huge number of burial chambers, each of which contained up to 40 mummies. The burials belonged to a previously unknown culture called the "Paracas culture". The "age" of the mummies was estimated from 1000 to 3000 years.
From the ground, archaeologists have removed more than 300 mummies with exorbitantly elongated skulls. Each was 25% larger than a human in volume, therefore, the brain of a living Paracas was 60% heavier. No artificial deformation could achieve such an increase in volume and weight. In addition, unlike a person who has two parietal surfaces (internal and external), the Paracasians had one!
For many years, scientists simply refused to comment on all these inconsistencies with official science. In 2014, the owner and director of the Paracas History Museum, Juan Navarro, sent samples of skin, bones, teeth and hair from 5 of the 35 skulls he owned for DNA testing.
For the purity of the experiment, the specialists were not informed about the origin of the materials transferred for research. The experts delivered the verdict: "The samples under study contain mitochondrial DNA with an unknown mutation, which is not found in humans, primates, or any other known animal." Translated from the abstruse scientific, it sounds like this: this creature originated neither from man, nor from a monkey, and in general, it is not clear from whom, he has no "relatives" on Earth.
So who were these ancient inhabitants of the Paracas Peninsula? The existence for several thousand years of a numerous tribe that has nothing to do with humanity proves that this is not an accidental mutation and not a "joke of nature." Then who? Representatives of another intelligent race that existed on Earth at the same time as humans? Colonists from another planet who failed to establish themselves on Earth and build their own civilization? Descendants of the crew of an interplanetary spacecraft that made an emergency landing on our planet?
We will probably never know the answer to all these questions. All the Paracasians died out, down to the last representative. It is useless to search for their descendants among today's people. Genetic scientist Brian Foster, admitting sexual contacts between Paracasians and humans, completely denies the possibility of joint healthy offspring: "Understand, the genetic difference between them and us is too great."
But, apparently, the barrier between man and alien traveler was not always insurmountable. Now we will talk about the "star boy".
The twists and turns of a strange skull
In the 30s of the last century, a family of Americans from Texas went to their relatives who lived in Mexico in the area of the famous Copper Canyon. After a joyful meeting, 15-year-old Maria, who had arrived with the guests, was warned not to go to the abandoned mines around the village: there are full of all kinds of dangers, evil spirits live in them, children disappear there. Of course, after such an instruction, the girl immediately climbed into the mines.
In one of them she found the remains of a woman and a child with a strange skull: an unusual shape with small eye sockets. The lover of terrible adventures ran home for a basket (to collect berries!) And secretly brought the bones home. Subsequently, the skulls migrated to the American El Paso. In the 90s, Maria passed them on to her friend, and he showed the skulls to the spouses Young, Ray and Melanie, doctors and at the same time amateur ufologists.
"An ordinary human skull, nothing unusual," said Ray, turning a large skull in his hands, put it down and took a small one in his hands, "And this … this … this …". The more Ray looked at the skull, the more he realized that he was holding something unusual in his hands.
In 1997, a book by researcher Lloyd Pye, "All your knowledge is wrong," was published in the USA, in which the author expressed very unusual ideas about the origin of man. In 1999, the Young couple came to Lloyd's and showed both skulls. Seeing how much Pai was interested in the artifacts, they asked to accept them as a gift, since they themselves have neither the time nor the opportunity to research them.
Experts have established the age of the skulls - about 900 years. The adult skull belonged to a woman, the owner of a small skull was a child of 4.5-5 years old, with a brain volume of 1600 cc. (We remind you that for an adult this figure is 1400 cc.) Pathology? To do this, the child had to simultaneously suffer from hydrocephalus, brachycephaly, anophthalmia and Croison's syndrome. Doctors are unanimous: children with such a set of diseases do not live even for several months.
The skull bones of the "star boy" turned out to be 2-3 times thinner than those of humans, but at the same time much stronger. Microscopic studies have shown that the fibers contained in bones are intertwined, which simply does not happen in human turtles.
A DNA examination carried out in 2010 gave an unexpected result: the boy's genome is only partially human. Most of it has no terrestrial counterparts. So if his mother was an earthly woman, then his father was clearly not a man.
So, the "star boy" is not quite human and at the same time is not a Paracasian? This is not surprising: our planet could be visited by guests from the most opposite edges of the galaxy, not familiar with each other and not similar to each other. And each of these expeditions could leave their mark.
Sealand Skull
This artifact was found in 2007 in the village of Olstikke on the Danish island of Sealand (hence the name) quite by accident during renovation work. Residents immediately remembered the ancient legends about a member of the mysterious "Pegasus Order of Light" who once lived in the village, keeping the "devil's skull", and a bunch of all sorts of unbreakable and glowing in the dark strange objects.
The skull is one and a half times the size of a human. Its large eye sockets and smooth shape suggest that the habitat of the owner of the skull was gloomy and cold. (Maybe the mention of the constellation of the same name Pegasus in the name of the order is not accidental?)
Radiocarbon analysis carried out in 2008 showed that the owner of the strange skull lived around 1200-1280. However, according to archaeologists, the skull hit the ground around 1900. Apparently, a member of the order (or one of his descendants) for unknown reasons wished to bury the strange artifact.
Well, and lastly, another strange find from Bulgaria.
Rhodope Skull
He was lucky to be found in 2001 by a resident of Plovdiv, Roman Genchev, in the Eastern Rhodopes. A feature of this skull is its bone cover. Of course, you never know what monsters did not roam the Earth in ancient times. So: a skull with a lid has no analogues among the vertebrate inhabitants of the Earth. Scientists cautiously say that they do not know animals with such a skull structure. The more courageous speak bluntly: there have never been such animals on Earth.
It is possible that over time all these secrets will cease to be: the Paracasians will turn out to be representatives of an extinct earthly people (geneticists admit their mistake), the "star boy" - an unfortunate sick child, the Sealand skull - a skillful hoax, and the Rhodope artifact - the remains of someone who still lived on Earth animal. But something else is also possible, and the revealed truth will surpass our wildest imaginations.