First part: Buildings covered with soil.
I'll start this part with a video from Moscow. Finally, someone from a multimillion city drew attention to the fact of the buildings brought in and filmed their observations.
The selection of facts with the first floors entered (on the window or above) can be continued after this video. Old houses of Moscow, covered with soil:
House of the Association of Manufactories I. and M. Morgunov's sons. Architect V. O. Gruzdin, 1885.
House of Kotov. The house was built in 1878.
Promotional video:
House of N. P. Pavlov. Architect V. P. Sokolov, 1901.
Vypolzov lane. The house was built in 1882. Or maybe the reconstruction of 1882? Stone first floor completely in the ground.
Drum Lane. st. 6; Drum lane
House of A. A. Porokhovshchikov. Architect A. L. Gong, 1872.
Outbuildings of the Okhotnikovs' estate (Prechistenka street, 32/1).
House. Architect M. O. Lopyrevsky, built in 1852.
Masonic house. Gagarinsky per. 11
Old house. Savvinsky B. per. 8 page 1
Gagarinsky per. 11
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There is Manezhnaya Street in Moscow, which runs along the Kremlin. There are buried houses on it. And the walls of the Kremlin have been cleaned, i.e. the entire Aleksandrovsky Garden is a place free from sediments. It also makes sense to look at the monuments in the garden, their height and level. And part of the Kremlin walls has not been cleaned to this day.
Manezhnaya street, house 9.
Manezhnaya street, 7
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Saratov
During the construction and excavation of the pit, the first floor of the house was found covered with soil.
Pay attention - in the building opposite the windows are also one-third covered with soil.
The window on the left is a door, a passage blocked by a bar.
More photos from Saratov:
During the communal excavations in the courtyard of the local history museum, such a picture appeared to the views of onlookers!
Perhaps these are the basements of an old house …
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An old building was found under the market in Irkutsk
Suddenly, the land went out from under the shopping area in the center of Irkutsk. At this place, a building was recently demolished, around which there was a brisk trade, and now there is a gaping hole and inside you can see the masonry of an old house.
Experts have already determined that under the trading square on Timiryazeva Street in Irkutsk, a stone building of the 18-19th century was discovered. In the resulting gap, window openings and vaults are clearly visible.
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In Simferopol, judging by individual houses, the clay layer is 3-3.5 meters. For example, here is a photo of an antique house on Dolgorukovskaya Street. I circled the windows of the former first floor in red. They can be seen behind bars. The door was made in a broken window opening. An old door, apparently underground. Moreover, what is interesting is that the steps in front of the door are made of sawn limestone and made 100% after the city fell asleep. The wear of the steps with the soles of the feet, especially the upper, is very significant. This building is apparently not 200 years old, and it was not Catherine II who founded the city. It's just that Catherine was the first to come and occupy an empty city after the disaster. And more than 140 cities. She could not build 140 cities from scratch. And now this is an unrealistic task. That is, this building is probably 400-500 years old. On old maps, until 1780, Simferopol is designated as Ak-mosque. And on the maps of the 17th century, the names on the maps of the Crimea are Greek.
This building seems to be the same. There are windows. But already implicit. But the passage arch into the courtyard is very low.
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Excavations in Samara.
In Samara, during excavations, ancient structures of 300 years ago were discovered. This was announced today, on August 28, by the head of the Samara district of the regional capital Maxim Kharitonov. - On the territory of the Samara region, archaeologists have discovered buildings of the early 18th century.
During excavations on Khlebnaya Square, researchers discovered elements of structures from the 17th century.
For the winter of 2014 -2015, the excavation site will be mothballed, until the beginning of the next season, by filling it with clean dry sand, this is a generally accepted method of conservation of such objects throughout the world and allows them to be preserved intact and safe.
The lower layers are thin strata of cultural layers with black organic inclusions. And from above it is all covered with clay. Which archaeologists also consider a cultural layer.
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Once they dug around the Smolny Cathedral. Official archaeologists. We stumbled upon the foundation, 5 times more than the Smolny Cathedral itself. They dug a little, found nothing in the archives and buried it back - like they wanted to build a large cathedral first, and then changed their minds, so they abandoned the foundation.
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Astrakhan Kremlin.
In December 2015 he ended up in Astrakhan. While visiting the Astrakhan Kremlin, I came across the excavation of one of the buildings on the territory of the complex. Judging by the photo, the ancestors carried the clay in carts and threw it right under their feet, while diligently filling the basements. The thickness of the so-called cultural layer is over 2 meters. By the way, the photo shows the foundation of the building. I'm waiting for everything that is older than the 18th century to be dug out, but this most likely will not happen, otherwise you will have to dig through the entire complex.
"Cultural layers", however. No one has been cleaned since the time of Tsar Pea, a heap of waste accumulated, which was leveled, filling the entrance. The preservation of the brick is due to modern restoration masonry.
Old brickwork and modern. Everything was built on a block (stone) foundation. But who knows, perhaps the entire Kremlin was made of stone here, and not only in Moscow.
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Previous excavations in the Astrakhan Kremlin:
Excavation No. 34 on the territory of this Kremlin in 2012. Found finds:
In the burnt-down log house of the dwelling, presumably dated to the end. XVII - early. XVIII centuries, consists of several rooms, separated by a wooden partition. In one room, a kiln made of baked red clay bricks was discovered, as well as two gray clay vessels. In the second room, two stone millstones, a gray-clay vessel, and a bag with the remains of grain were found. Such a find, related to the early stage of the history of the Astrakhan Kremlin, was made for the first time and surprises with its preservation.
A cultural layer is visible about 0.5 m from above (black earth and below construction waste with soil). But below it is just an abiogenic homogeneous soil.
Apparently, the vessel was turned over and filled with liquid soil. Otherwise, there would be a cavity inside it.
Vessels in clay.
Just leaving the millstone is what a waste?
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At the end of the article I will add an appeal to new readers. Before writing comments about the accumulation of the cultural layer, the dumping of soil during the reconstruction of buildings directly under their walls, or about the shrinkage of buildings over time into plastic soil. Or about the fact that it was customary to build basements - to prevent the foundation from being squeezed out by heaving during freezing - read the comments in the previous part and study the discussions in the posts on the topic of the entered structures. I don't want to explain the same thing over and over again. All these facts are similar only to mudflows of a flood, or to the fallout of clay soil from above and its erosion by rains. Everything else does not stand up to detailed criticism.
Continued: Part 3