Water is one of the foundations for the emergence of organic life in the Universe. This is one of the important elements on our planet. Water plays an important role in human development, being the basis of his life. At school, in science lessons, we were told about the water cycle on the planet. The scheme of this process is very simple (Fig. 1). Water evaporates from the surface of the oceans and land, the vapor molecules rise upward, there water condenses in the form of clouds and falls as precipitation on the ground. In the mountains, the snow melts and streams are formed, which merge together to create a river … Have you ever thought about how much snow should constantly melt in the mountains, but there snow lies all year round and does not melt to support the flow of even one river?
Figure: 1. Diagram of the water cycle in nature.
The above scheme gives a correct explanation only for some natural phenomena and is far from the real processes occurring with water on the planet. This diagram does not explain why clouds are formed in winter; at 30 degrees frost, water cannot evaporate. We are told that the wind brings clouds from the seas and oceans to the middle of the continent, but in calm weather, clouds also form over land. This diagram cannot explain the difference between total precipitation and evaporated water. An even bigger mystery is the amount of water carried by rivers.
Scientists have calculated the amount of water on the planet - 1,386,000 billion liters. However, such a huge figure only confuses, because the assessment of precipitation, steam in the atmosphere, annual water runoff is made in different units. Therefore, many cannot connect the obvious things into a single whole. We will try to analyze the numbers in the usual liquid measurement units - liters.
If we take into account the entire planet, then an average of about 1000 millimeters of precipitation falls per year. In meteorology, one millimeter of precipitation is equivalent to one liter of water per square meter.
The surface area of the Earth is approximately 510,072,000 square kilometers. This means that approximately 510,072 billion liters of precipitation falls over the entire area. This is one third of all the water reserves of the planet.
Based on the basics of the water cycle in nature, water should evaporate as much as precipitation. However, evaporation from the surface of the oceans is, according to various estimates, approximately 355 billion liters per year. Precipitation falls by several orders of magnitude more than evaporates from the water surface. Paradox!
With such a cycle, the planet should have been flooded long ago. Another question arises - where does the excess water come from? After examining the reference materials, you can find the answer - water is found in huge quantities in the atmosphere. This is 12.7 million kg of water vapor.
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A liter of water when evaporated gives a kilogram of steam, that is, in vapor form, 12.7 million liters are distributed in the atmosphere. It would seem that the missing link has been found, but again we have a contradiction. The presence of water in the atmosphere is approximately constant, and if water were irretrievably poured onto the earth in such an amount from the atmosphere, then in several years life on the planet would become impossible.
Calculation of water consumption in rivers also gives conflicting data. For example, according to Wikipedia, citing official sources, the volume of falling water from only one Niagara Falls is 5700 cubic meters per second. In terms of liters, this will amount to 179,755 billion liters per year.
But let's digress from the calculations to admire the beauty of Venezuela. As seen in (Fig. 2), the top of the mountain is a flat plateau, where there is no snow or lakes to sufficiently support the waterfalls. Nevertheless, the rivers of the Amazon, Orinoco and Essequibo basins take their origins at the foot of this mountain.
And it is impossible to explain the existence of the source of the waterfalls on Mount Roraima according to the school scheme of the water cycle in nature.
Figure: 2. Photo of Cuquenana Falls, Mount Roraima, Canaima Park, Venezuela, Brazil and Guyana.
It is known from the history of science that V. I. Vernadsky assumed the existence of a gas exchange between the Earth and space. Vernadsky assumed that in the earth's crust some substances decay and other substances are synthesized. In 1911 he made a report "On the gas exchange of the earth's crust" in St. Petersburg at the Second Mendeleev Congress. This is now considered a scientific fact.
Much later, Irish, Canadian and Chinese geophysicists modeled the conditions that are typical for the interior of the Earth and showed that water arose as a result of its synthesis in the interior of the planet. The research materials were published in the journal Earth and Planetary Science Letters.
The dew we are accustomed to can be found only in the morning on the grass, but farmers are well aware that there is underground dew, as well as day dew that settles inside arable land. So Ovsinsky I. E. in his book "New farming system" talks about these phenomena. Evidence of the synthesis of water in nature was the cases of the “ice tsunami” (Fig. 3), filmed in 2013 in the state of Minnesota, USA and Canada. Snow was synthesized in spring in May, and such cases are not rare.
Figure: 3 Photo of the 2013 ice tsunami, Minnesota, USA. Source: wptv.com
Scientists have established the fact that during its movement in space, the Earth loses part of the atmosphere. Nevertheless, the planet's atmosphere remains, which means that the lost matter is being restored. This is true for other substances that form our planet.
The recovery of oil in depleted wells became such facts of the synthesis of substances. It turned out that 150% of oil from the previously calculated reserves was produced in the fields discovered long ago. And there were a lot of such places: the border of Georgia and Azerbaijan (two fields that have been producing oil for more than 100 years), the Carpathians, South America, etc. The White Tiger field in Vietnam produces oil from the strata of fundamental rocks, where oil should not be.
In Russia, the Romashkinskoye oil field, discovered more than 70 years ago, is one of the ten super-giants according to the international classification. It was considered to be 80% depleted, but every year its reserves are replenished by 1.5-2 million tons. According to new calculations, oil can be produced until 2200 and this is not the limit.
The first well was drilled in the Old Oil fields of Grozny at the end of the 19th century, and by the middle of the last century, 100 million tons of oil had been pumped out. Later, the field was considered depleted, and after 50 years, reserves began to recover.
Based on these facts, we can conclude that the synthesis of elements on the planet is not a miracle or an anomaly - it is a natural phenomenon. Water is synthesized under certain conditions and in certain areas of the heterogeneity of our planet. The water cycle in nature undoubtedly exists, but this is a process of transformation of matter, which is associated with the process of the emergence of our planet Earth.
To understand why there is a synthesis of substances on the planet, you need to know how our planet was formed. We find the answer to these questions in the books of the Russian scientist Nikolai Viktorovich Levashov.
Our universe is formed by seven primary matters with specific properties and qualities. Merging with each other, primary matters form hybrid forms of matters. The substances of our planet are formed from them.
The merging of primary matters is possible only under certain conditions. This condition is a change in the dimensionality of space.
Dimension is the quantization (division) of space in accordance with the properties and qualities of primary matters. A change in dimensionality sufficient for the formation of hybrid forms (matter) occurs during a supernova explosion. In this case, concentric waves of perturbation of the dimensionality of space propagate from the epicenter of the explosion, which create zones of inhomogeneity of space in which planets are formed. You can read more about the formation of planetary systems in the article Oort Cloud.
When primary matters enter these zones, they begin to merge and form hybrid forms of matter, including physically dense matter. This process will continue until the entire heterogeneity zone is filled. As a result of the process of synthesis of matter, a gradual restoration of the dimensionality in the inhomogeneity zone occurs to the level that was before the supernova explosion.
As a result of the synthesis of physically dense matter and other hybrid forms from primary matters, six material spheres are formed in the zone of inhomogeneity of dimension, which are nested into each other. These spheres are created from hybrid forms of primary matters, differ in the number of primary matters that make up each of these six spheres. This is the structure of our planet Earth (Fig. 4.)
The physically dense sphere (1) of the Earth, consists of 7 primary matters, the substance of this sphere has four aggregate states - solid, liquid, gaseous and plasma. Different states of aggregation arise as a result of fluctuations in dimension by a small amount.
Figure: 4. Planet Earth in the zone of space heterogeneity. (Source: Levashov NV Essence and Mind. Volume 1. 1999. Gava 1. Qualitative structure of the planet Earth. Fig. 6.)
Each substance has its own level of dimension, in which this substance is stable and is distributed according to the difference in dimensionality from the center of formation of the planet. Heavy elements have a maximum, and light elements have a minimum dimension inside the zone of heterogeneity.
Water is formed by the synthesis of light elements - oxygen and hydrogen and is a liquid crystal. The atmosphere is 20% oxygen. Hydrogen is the lightest among gases, but its amount in the atmosphere is insignificant - 0.000055%. Nevertheless, it rains on our planet - water molecules from a gaseous state (vapor in the atmosphere) pass into a liquid state (Fig. 5).
If fluctuations in dimensionality occurred at the level of the boundary between solid matter and atmosphere, dew falls, if at the level of cloudiness, the process of droplet formation takes on a chain character, it rains. The atmosphere is losing its substance. The inhomogeneity of space remains uncompensated. After the completion of the formation of the planet, the forms of matter that created it continue their movement through our planetary heterogeneity, no longer merging with each other. But when appropriate conditions arise, primary matters again form matter. Water vapor is recovered in the atmosphere.
Many scientists are inclined to the theory that hydrogen and other gases come from the interior of the Earth. This was suggested back in 1902 by E. Suess. He believed that water is associated with magma chambers, from where it, in the composition of gaseous products, is released into the upper parts of the earth's crust.
Conditions sufficient for the synthesis of complex molecules arise in the interior of the planet, since primary matters, passing through the planetary heterogeneity, carry along with them light elements, the synthesis of which is possible within the entire heterogeneity. The composition of magma really includes water in the form of steam, and also magma contains almost all the elements of the periodic table.
Striving to occupy their own level of dimensionality, hydrogen and oxygen molecules fall into zones of heterogeneity, where water synthesis is possible. The steam, rising from the depths, reaches the boundaries of the solid surface, where, due to minor changes in the dimensionality, the water molecules from the gaseous state pass into the liquid state. This is how rivers are formed.
The boundaries of the ranges of stability of matter are the levels of separation between the atmosphere, oceans and the solid surface of the planet. The stability boundary of the crystal structure of the planet repeats the shape of the inhomogeneity, so the surface of the solid crust has depressions and protrusions.
Figure: 5. Distribution of substances on the planet. (Source: Levashov NV Essence and Mind. Volume 1. 1999. Chapter 1. Qualitative structure of the planet Earth. Fig. 11.)
The numbers indicate: 1. The level of dimensionality of the atmosphere. 2. The level of dimensionality of the oceans. 3. The level of dimensionality of the earth's crust. 4. Level of dimensionality of magma.
And since water is a liquid crystal, it also has its own level of dimensionality and tends to occupy the corresponding range of stability, the range of dimensionality it occupies will be between the boundary of the atmosphere and the crystalline structure of the planet. The water will fill the formed cavities. It is there that the rivers on the planet will strive, and it is not by chance that they flow into the seas and oceans. It is no coincidence that water moves, striving to take its stable position in space. By the way, the rivers flow not only from the slope. There are many places on Earth (Uzbekistan, Crimea, Georgia, Moldova, Cyprus, etc.), recognized as anomalous, where water flows up the mountain.
One of these rivers is located near Mount Aragats in the Aragatsotn region in western Armenia, 30 km from the border with Turkey.
The above is also true for other substances. With a partial loss of the planet's atmosphere, water, oil, rare crystals or any other chemical elements, in the zones of heterogeneity, they are restored - synthesis. Only the synthesis rate can be different. Therefore, the thoughtless use of the resources of our planet disrupts the natural balance of matter. Such actions can lead to disastrous consequences.
Light elements (hydrogen and oxygen) can be synthesized within the entire stability range of a physically dense substance. Therefore, the synthesis of water can occur both in the bowels of the earth and in the atmosphere. Therefore, it would be correct to speak not about the "cycle of water in nature", but about the "cycle" of matter in space.
Alexander Karakulko