Science has not stood still for a long time and is developing more and more. Thanks to science, many objects have been invented that we use in everyday life. However, for many centuries, science has always been faced with the question of inventing such a device that could work without consuming any external energy, working forever. Many have achieved this result. However, who did it? Has such an engine been created? We will talk about this and many other things in our article.
What is a perpetual motion machine?
It is difficult to imagine modern human life without the use of special machines that make life easier for people at times. With the help of such machines, people are engaged in cultivating the land, extracting oil, ore, and also just moving around. That is, the main task of such machines is to do work. In any machines and mechanisms, before doing any work, any energy is transferred from one type to another. But there is one nuance: it is impossible to get more energy of one kind than another in the most any transformations, since this contradicts the laws of physics. Thus, a perpetual motion machine cannot be created.
But what does the phrase "perpetual motion machine" mean? A perpetual motion machine is one in which, as a result of the transformation of the energy of the species, more is obtained than was at the beginning of the process. This question of a perpetual motion machine occupies a special place in science, while it cannot exist. This rather paradoxical fact is justified by the fact that all the searches of scientists in the hope of inventing a perpetual motion machine have been going on for more than 8 centuries. These searches are primarily related to the fact that there are certain ideas about the most widespread concept of energy physics.
The history of the perpetual motion machine
Before describing a perpetual motion machine, it is worth turning to history. Where did the idea of a perpetual motion machine come from? For the first time, the idea of creating such an engine that would drive a machine without using special power appeared in India in the seventh century. But already practical interest in this idea appeared later, already in Europe in the eighth century. The creation of such an engine would significantly accelerate the development of the science of energy, as well as develop productive forces.
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An engine like this was extremely useful at the time. The engine was capable of driving various water pumps, turning mills, and lifting various loads. But medieval science was not advanced enough to make such great discoveries. People who dreamed of creating a perpetual motion machine. First of all, they relied on something that always moves, that is, eternally. An example of this is the movement of the sun, moon, various planets, the flow of rivers, and so on. However, science does not stand its ground. That is why, developing, humanity came to the creation of a real engine, which was based not only on the natural combination of circumstances.
The first analogues of the modern perpetual magnetic engine
In the 20th century, the greatest discovery took place - the emergence of a permanent magnet and the study of its properties. In addition, in the same century, the idea of creating a magnetic motor appeared. Such an engine had to work for an unlimited amount of time, that is, indefinitely. This engine was called eternal. However, the word "forever" does not quite fit here. Nothing is eternal, because at any moment some part of such a magnet can fall off, or some part will break off. That is why under the word "eternal" one should take a mechanism that works continuously, without requiring any expenses. For example, for fuel and so on.
But there is an opinion that there is nothing eternal, an eternal magnet cannot exist according to the laws of physics. However, it should be noted that the permanent magnet emits energy constantly, while it does not lose its magnetic properties at all. Each magnet does work continuously. During this process, the magnet involves in this movement all the molecules that are contained in the environment with a special stream called ether. This is the only and most correct explanation for the mechanism of action of such a magnetic motor. At the moment, it is difficult to establish who created the first magnetically powered motor. It was very different from our modern one. However, there is an opinion that in the treatise of the greatest Indian mathematician Bhskar Acharya there is a mention of a motor powered by a magnet.
In Europe, the first information about the creation of a perpetual magnetic engine also arose from an important person. This news came in the 13th century, from Villard d'Onecourt. He was the greatest French architect and engineer. He, like many figures of that century, was engaged in various matters that corresponded to the profile of his profession. Namely: the construction of various cathedrals, the creation of structures for lifting goods. In addition, the figure was engaged in the creation of water-powered saws and so on. In addition, he left behind an album in which he left drawings and drawings to posterity. This book is kept in Paris, in the national library.
Creation of a perpetual magnetic engine
When was the first perpetual magnetic drive created? In 1969, the first modern working draft of a magnetic motor was made. The body of such an engine itself was completely made of wood, the engine itself was in good working order. But there was one problem. The energy itself was enough exclusively for the rotation of the rotor, since all the magnets were quite weak, and others were simply not invented at that time. The creator of this design was Michael Brady. He devoted all his life to the development of engines and finally in the 90s of the last century he created a completely new model of a perpetual motion machine on a magnet, for which he received a patent.
On the basis of this magnetic motor, an electric generator was made, which had a power of 6 kW. The power device was that magnetic motor, which used exclusively permanent magnets. However, this type of electric generator could not do without its certain disadvantages. For example, the speed and power of the engine did not depend on any factors, for example, the load that was connected to the electric generator. Further, preparations were underway for the manufacture of an electromagnetic motor, in which, in addition to all permanent magnets, special coils were also used, which are called electromagnets. Such a motor, powered by an electromagnet, could successfully control the torque force, as well as the rotor speed itself. Based on the new generation engine, two mini power plants were created. The generator weighs 350 kilograms.
Groups of perpetual motion machines
Magnetic motors and others are classified into two types. The first group of perpetual motion machines does not extract energy from the environment at all (for example, heat). However, at the same time, the physical and chemical properties of the engine still remain unchanged, using no energy other than its own. As mentioned above, just such machines simply cannot exist, based on the first law of thermodynamics. Perpetual motion machines of the second kind do exactly the opposite. That is, their work is completely dependent on external factors. When working, they extract energy from the environment. By absorbing, for example, heat, they convert such energy into mechanical energy. However, such mechanisms cannot exist based on the second law of thermodynamics. Simply put, the first group refers to the so-called natural engines. And the second to physical or artificial engines.
But to which group should the perpetual magnetic motion be attributed? Of course, to the first one. During the operation of this mechanism, the energy of the external environment is not used at all; on the contrary, the mechanism itself produces the amount of energy that it needs.
Creation of a modern perpetual magnetic engine
What should be a real perpetual magnetic engine of the new generation? So, in 1985, the future inventor of the mechanism, Thane Heins, thought about this. He wondered how he could significantly improve the power generator using magnets. Thus, by 2006, he still invented what he had dreamed of for so long. It was in this year that something happened that he had never expected. While working on his invention, Hynes connected the crankshaft of a conventional electric motor to a rotor that held small, round magnets. They were located on the outer rim of the rotor. Hines hoped that during the period when the rotor was spinning, the magnets would pass through a coil made of ordinary wire. This process, according to Hines, should have caused the flow of current. So using all of the above,it should have been a real generator. However, the rotor, which was working on the load, had to gradually slow down. And, of course, at the end the rotor had to stop. But Hines had miscalculated something. Thus, instead of stopping, the rotor began to accelerate its motion to an incredible speed, which led to the fact that the magnets flew in all directions. The impact of the magnets was really enormous, which damaged the walls of the laboratory. The impact of the magnets was really enormous, which damaged the walls of the laboratory. The impact of the magnets was really enormous, which damaged the walls of the laboratory.
Conducting this experiment, Hynes hoped that with this action a special magnetic force should be established, in which the effect, completely backward EMF, should appear. This outcome of the experiment is theoretically correct. This outcome is based on Lenz's law. This law manifests itself physically as the most common law of friction in mechanics.
But, alas, the alleged outcome of the experiment got out of the control of the test scientist. The fact is that instead of the result that Hynes wanted to get, the usual magnetic friction turned into the most, that neither is magnetic acceleration! Thus, the first modern perpetual magnetic drive was born. Hines believes that rotating magnets, which form a field with the help of a steel conductive rotor, as well as a shaft, act on an electric motor in such a way that the transformation of electrical energy into a completely different, kinetic one occurs. That is, the back EMF in our particular case accelerates the motor even more, which accordingly makes the rotor rotate. That is, in this way, a process arises that has a positive feedback. The inventor himself confirmed this process by replacing only one detail. Hines replaced the steel shaft with a non-conductive plastic tube. He made this addition so that acceleration in this example installation was not possible.
Finally, on January 28, 2008, Hines tested his device at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Most surprisingly, the device actually worked! However, there was no further news about the creation of a perpetual motion machine. Some scientists believe that this is just a bluff. However, how many people, so many opinions.
It is worth noting that real perpetual motion machines can be found in the Universe without inventing anything on their own. The fact is that such phenomena in astronomy are called white holes. These white holes are antipodes to black holes, thus they can be sources of infinite energy. Unfortunately, this statement has not been verified, but it exists only theoretically. What can we say if there is a saying that the Universe itself is one big and perpetual motion machine.