The most mysterious phenomenon of the 20th century. Mysterious explosion over eastern Siberia. Tunguska Hiroshima. As soon as they do not call the meteorite that fell in 1908 in Russia. What was it - a heavenly message or bad experiences of earthlings?
Aliens, scientists' experiments, mosquitoes
Yet humans are much more tenacious than dinosaurs. 50 million years ago, a giant asteroid crashed into Earth. As a result of the cataclysm, the climate on the planet changed dramatically, and the poor dinosaurs could not bear such changes - everyone died out. Now scientists only find their fossilized remains. The fall of a celestial body 110 years ago also caused various cataclysms on our planet, but people were able to survive. The Tunguska meteorite, as the space messenger is still called, was observed by masses of people, and the consequences of its fall and explosion were felt many thousands of kilometers from the crash site. The force of the explosion was comparable to a thousand atomic bombs dropped by the Americans on Hiroshima.
Over the years, hundreds of expeditions have been conducted to the epicenter of the explosion, but the most surprising thing is that none of them found anything. Absolutely nothing, not a crater at the site of the fall, not a single fragment of a celestial body was found. A huge number of versions emerged immediately. At the supposed place of the fall or explosion, the first expedition in 1928 discovered a mysteriously fallen forest, and in the very center there were charred, but not fallen trees.
“This may indicate a powerful air explosion. The signs of which are the characteristic felling of the forest, and the vitamin supplement that occurred after that. In some places, the growth of the forest has increased, some places have remained ruinous. The water structure has also changed,”explained Sergey Smirnov, vice president of the Astronomical and Geodetic Association of Russia.
All versions of what the Tunguska phenomenon was can be conditionally divided into three groups. The first is cosmic. That is, it was something that came to us from the depths of space, a meteorite, a fragment of a comet, a dust cloud, or a piece of "antimatter". True, there are absolutely fantastic hypotheses: that it was a spaceship of an alien civilization that crashed, or the earth collided with a small black hole. The second group of hypotheses is that it was a terrestrial phenomenon. Perhaps as a result of the movements of the earth's crust, a huge cloud of some kind of gas was released, which exploded. Among this group of versions, the most exotic is associated with a cloud of mosquitoes.
Yet most scientists were inclined to believe that in 1908 a meteorite exploded in Podkamennaya Tunguska at an altitude of about nine kilometers above the surface. The members of the first expedition believed that the body split over the Podkamennaya Tunguska consisted of iron and nickel. Its number had to be huge. The famous Arizona crater left in America by the fall of a 50-meter meteorite was cited as an example. There, for a long time, the Indians found a huge amount of iron from which arrowheads were made. Therefore, money was allocated to search for the meteorite, and it was even planned to lay a railway line to the place of the fall.
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In 1946, a new sensational version of the origin of the Tunguska phenomenon appeared. After the nuclear explosions in Hiroshima and Nagasaki, the writer Alexander Kazantsev hypothesized that an interplanetary ship with a nuclear engine crashed in the Podkamennaya Tunguska area. But the pre-war expeditions of Kulik did not find not only the wreckage, but also any details of the ship. After a nuclear explosion, radioactive isotopes should remain on the ground, but they were also not found. This hypothesis was made public even before the first reports of UFOs and green men. In 1960, Sergey Korolev, General Designer of Spacecraft, in order to find out what material the aliens make their "flying saucers" from, sent an expedition to the taiga on two helicopters. Experts were looking for anything that even slightly resembled the remains of a ship. Enthusiasts are still looking for evidence of a space accident.
There is also a completely exotic version of the Tunguska explosion. Local shamans are still convinced that the people somehow angered the gods and the gods punished them. Since ancient times, people have believed that shamans and sorcerers can summon loud fire from the sky, devouring everything around. In many Indian tribes, there is even a special rite of invoking the heavenly fire. Local reindeer herders are still convinced that it was the gods who sent them this test.
Tesla's name explosion
Another, so far unconfirmed, but also not refuted version of the Tunguska phenomenon, is associated with experiments on the transfer of energy without wires, which were carried out in the United States by the great electrical engineer Nikola Tesla. But it turns out that even before him, Professor Mikhail Filippov conducted similar experiments in St. Petersburg. On June 3, 1903, while carrying out work on the transmission of explosion waves over long distances, Filippov died under mysterious circumstances. He wrote: “We are talking about the method of electrical transmission over a distance of the explosion wave, which I have invented, and, judging by the calculations, this transmission is possible at a distance of thousands of kilometers, so that, having made an explosion in St. Petersburg, it will be possible to transfer it to Constantinople. The method is amazingly simple and cheap. I will publish the details in the autumn in the memoirs of the Academy of Sciences. After his death, all papers and equipment were arrested by the police,and the case was classified.
Filippov's papers mysteriously disappeared, but, according to some sources, they could have ended up in America in the laboratory of Nikola Tesla. In 1900, banker John Pierpont Morgan commissioned a scientist to build the World Station for Wireless Power Transmission. The project was named "Wardenclyffe". According to the plan of the researcher, the station was supposed to supply electricity without wires anywhere in the world. On Long Island, a 57-meter-high tower was erected. At the top of the tower was a huge copper "plate". A steel shaft 36 meters deep was located under the structure. The trial run of the installation took place in 1905. “Tesla lit the sky over the ocean for thousands of miles,” the press wrote enthusiastically. Tesla continues his experiments and carefully records everything in his diary.
In the spring of 1908, Tesla wrote to the editor of the New York Times: "Even now, my wireless power plants can turn any area of the world into an area uninhabitable." On the night of June 30, unusual silvery pulsating clouds were seen over the territory of Canada and Northern Europe. A similar phenomenon was observed during Tesla's laboratory experiments in Colorado Springs. Tesla's possible involvement in the Tunguska explosion is indicated by an entry in his diary.
“On June 29 - by our time it was already June 30 - he made a note:“Launch No. 11. Three impulses with an interval of 60 seconds. " And right there, without waiting for official evidence that followed later, Tesla writes: “It was an explosion. The wave of the explosion reached New York. There, in Siberia, a monstrous explosion took place. An explosion of natural electricity. Giant ball lightning. It is finished. " In Siberia, it was early morning on June 30,”said astrologer Diana Khorsand.
Guest from space
What happened in 1908 in the sky over Podkamennaya Tunguska? The version that it was still a meteorite that crumbled and exploded upon entering the atmosphere has not yet been confirmed. No remains of the body were found, no craters from its fall.
110 years after the explosion over eastern Siberia, most experts are inclined to believe that it may have been the nucleus of a small comet. These celestial wanderers with a long, glowing tail are not rare guests in the solar system. The tail, stretching for millions of kilometers, consists of rarefied gas, and a relatively small core can consist of ice with small inclusions.
The cometary origin of the Tunguska phenomenon is confirmed by a large number of calculations and eyewitness accounts. True, some scientists doubt this, since there is nothing to explode in a comet made of ice.
There are over a hundred different versions of the Tunguska miracle. But none of them can be considered final. Thousands of enthusiasts continue their searches in the Siberian taiga. More and more new hypotheses appear. For example, that it was aliens, at the cost of their own lives, saved the earth from a giant asteroid. And when he approached the ground, the creatures blew him up along with their ship. It will probably take another hundred years for the explosion and glow over Tunguska to receive their final confirmation. In the meantime, research brings us more and more amazing findings.