If after the extinction of humanity after "tens of billions of years" a new intelligent life appears in the place of the modern solar system, it will see a completely new world, astrophysicist Ethan Siegel reports on the pages of Forbes.
The specialist believes that the future Universe will have less gas and dust, but more old stars (located below the main sequence on the Hertzsprung-Russell diagram). The world will have much less noticeable regions of active star formation, and within the Galaxy (at that time - the united system of the Milky Way and the Andromeda Nebula), stars will be located mainly within a large elliptical halo, and not a disk.
Siegel believes that since “tens of billions of years” there will be practically no relic radiation traces, intelligent life of that time can draw different conclusions about the evolution of the Universe, in particular, the Big Bang. “In the distant future, civilization will need to look hundreds or even thousands of times further in order to view even the closest objects outside our galaxy,” the astrophysicist writes.
An illustration of what the new Milkomed galaxy will look like after the collision of the Milky Way with the Andromeda galaxy in 4-7 billion years.
In the next four billion years, the Milky Way should engulf its satellite galaxies, the Large and Small Magellanic Clouds. In five billion years, when all small objects have been absorbed, the coalescence of the Milky Way and the Andromeda Nebula should begin.
In less than eight billion years, the Sun will leave the main sequence, increasing in size up to 300 times. By this time, the Earth will be absorbed by the luminary or turn into a dry rocky planet without an atmosphere. The red giant phase will end with the ejection of the outer layers of the Sun and the formation of a planetary nebula, in the center of which will be a white dwarf the size of modern Earth. Such objects are actually the final stage in the evolution of stars of solar masses, too light to turn into black holes. In a stable state, a white dwarf can stay for tens of billions of years.
In December 2015, mathematical physicists Vahagn Gurzadyan from the Artyom Alikhanyan National Science Laboratory in Yerevan and Roger Penrose from the University of Oxford presented a map of the possible habitation of supercivilizations that existed in the Universe before the Big Bang.